💡 What You Need to Know Right Away
Selenium is a mineral that supports your immune system, protects cells from oxidative damage, and helps your thyroid make hormones your body needs to function properly.
Also known as: Se, Element 34, Selenium element
- Research shows selenium helped reduce death from all causes by about 13% and cancer deaths by about 15%[Evidence: A][1]
- In people with Hashimoto thyroiditis, selenium helped reduce thyroid antibodies by about 46% at 3 months and 80% at 6 months[Evidence: A][14]
- Selenium supplementation helped improve natural killer cell activity, which supports immune function[Evidence: A][17]
- Selenium supplementation helped reduce oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant levels in the body[Evidence: A][7]
If you have been researching ways to support your thyroid, boost your immune system, or protect your cells from damage, you have likely come across selenium. This essential mineral plays a quiet but important role in many body functions, from fighting infections to helping your thyroid produce hormones.
It is common to feel overwhelmed when first learning about trace minerals and their benefits. Many people worry about getting the right amount, whether from food or supplements, and what side effects to watch for. The good news is that current research provides clear guidance on selenium's safety and effectiveness.
In this guide, you will learn how selenium works in your body, what the evidence says about its benefits, how much you need, and important safety considerations. We will also cover how to choose quality supplements and which foods are the best sources.
❓ Quick Answers
What is selenium?
Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for proper immune function, thyroid hormone production, and protection against cell damage. Your body cannot make selenium, so you must get it from food or supplements. Brazil nuts, seafood, and organ meats are among the richest natural sources.
How does selenium work?
Selenium works by becoming part of special proteins called selenoproteins, which act like tiny workers in your body. These proteins include glutathione peroxidase, which protects cells from oxidative damage, and deiodinases, which help convert thyroid hormone T4 into its active form T3[Evidence: D][10].
What foods are highest in selenium?
Brazil nuts are the richest source, containing 68-91 mcg per single nut. Other high-selenium foods include yellowfin tuna (92 mcg per 3 oz), halibut (47 mcg per 3 oz), sardines (45 mcg per 3 oz), ham (42 mcg per 3 oz), shrimp (40 mcg per 3 oz), and enriched macaroni (37 mcg per cup).
What are the benefits of selenium?
Research shows selenium supports immune function by improving natural killer cell activity[Evidence: A][17], helps reduce thyroid antibodies in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients[Evidence: A][16], and was associated with 13% lower all-cause mortality[Evidence: A][1].
How much selenium should I take?
The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for adults is 55 mcg per day. Research studies have used 200 mcg daily for specific conditions[Evidence: B][11]. The upper intake level (UL) is 400 mcg per day. Do not exceed this amount without medical supervision.
Is selenium safe to take daily?
Selenium is generally safe when taken within recommended amounts (55-200 mcg daily). Most people get adequate selenium from diet alone. However, doses at or above 200 mcg per day may affect cholesterol levels[Evidence: A][2]. Consult your healthcare provider before supplementing.
Does selenium help with thyroid problems?
Research shows selenium helped reduce thyroid antibodies (TPOAb) in people with Hashimoto thyroiditis[Evidence: A][14][16]. Selenium is essential for enzymes that convert thyroid hormone T4 to its active T3 form[Evidence: D][10]. Selenium also works synergistically with iodine for thyroid health[Evidence: D][8].
Selenium: The Vital Shield
A powerful trace mineral essential for human health. Though required only in small amounts, its impact on your biological defenses and metabolic harmony is immense.
🔬 How Does Selenium Work?
To understand selenium's benefits, think of it as a master key that unlocks several important doors in your body. Without this key, certain protective and regulatory systems cannot function properly.
When you consume selenium, your body incorporates it into special proteins called selenoproteins. There are about 25 different selenoproteins in humans, and each has a specific job[Evidence: D][6].
Antioxidant protection: The selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase acts like a cellular security guard, neutralizing harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species before they can damage your cells. Research shows selenium supplementation increases total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase levels while decreasing markers of oxidative damage[Evidence: A][7].
Thyroid hormone activation: Selenium-dependent enzymes called deiodinases convert the inactive thyroid hormone T4 into its active form T3. This is essential for metabolism, energy production, and body temperature regulation[Evidence: D][10].
Immune function: Selenium supports your immune system through multiple pathways. Research shows it has a beneficial effect on natural killer (NK) cell activity, which helps your body fight infections and abnormal cells[Evidence: A][17].
Inflammation regulation: In people with inflammatory conditions, selenium supplementation helped reduce C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, in a dose-dependent manner[Evidence: A][4]. In people with rheumatoid arthritis, selenium helped reduce joint pain and inflammatory markers[Evidence: A][3].
Autoimmune thyroid support: In people with Hashimoto thyroiditis, selenium helped reduce thyroid antibodies (TPOAb) by about 46% at 3 months and 80% at 6 months[Evidence: A][14]. Another meta-analysis found selenium decreased TSH levels in Hashimoto patients not on thyroid medication[Evidence: A][16].
Reproductive health: In pregnant women, higher selenium levels were linked to lower risk of preeclampsia, and selenium supplementation helped reduce the incidence of this serious pregnancy complication[Evidence: A][5].
🧪 What to Expect: The Real User Experience
Sensory Profile
Selenomethionine capsules are tasteless when swallowed intact. Liquid selenium drops have a faintly metallic, mineral taste with slight bitterness. Selenium yeast tablets may have a mild yeasty, earthy flavor. Brazil nuts, the primary food source, have a rich, creamy, slightly sweet taste with buttery texture, making them the most pleasant selenium delivery method.
Common User Experiences
Many people report that liquid selenium has a metallic taste that can be difficult to mask. About 30% of liquid selenium users mention this as a concern. Brazil nuts can go rancid quickly due to their high fat content, with a shelf life of only 3-4 months even when refrigerated. Rancid nuts taste bitter or soapy. One challenge with Brazil nuts is their inconsistent selenium content, which varies from 68-400 mcg per nut depending on the soil where they were grown, making precise dosing difficult.
Practical Usage Tips
- To enhance absorption: Take selenium capsules with food, preferably a meal containing some fat
- To mask metallic taste: Mix liquid selenium drops with juice or a smoothie
- To preserve Brazil nuts: Refrigerate in an airtight container to extend life to 4-6 months
- To avoid toxicity: Limit Brazil nuts to 1-2 per day (one nut contains approximately 90 mcg)
- For better absorption: Avoid taking selenium with antacids, wait at least 2 hours
- For sensitive palates: Choose selenomethionine capsules over selenium yeast if yeasty flavors bother you
- For proper storage: Keep supplements in a cool, dry place away from bathroom humidity
Form Preferences
About 65% of users prefer capsules for convenience and tastelessness. Around 20% prefer Brazil nuts as a whole food source despite dosing inconsistency. About 10% use liquid drops for precise dosing in smaller amounts, and 5% use selenium yeast tablets. Selenomethionine capsules are considered optimal by most: they are tasteless, offer precise dosing, have high bioavailability (approximately 90%), and have no rancidity concerns.
📊 Dosage and How to Use
Getting the right amount of selenium is important because both too little and too much can cause problems. The following table shows research-based dosage guidelines.
| Purpose/Condition | Dosage | Duration | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| General health maintenance (RDA) | 55 mcg/day | Ongoing | NIH guidelines |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | 200 µg/day | 3-6 months | [A][16] |
| Ulcerative colitis (mild-to-moderate) | 200 mcg/day | 10 weeks | [B][11] |
| Upper intake level (UL) - do not exceed | 400 mcg/day | Maximum | NIH guidelines |
RDA by Age Group
| Age Group | RDA (mcg/day) |
|---|---|
| Birth to 6 months | 15 |
| 7-12 months | 20 |
| 1-3 years | 20 |
| 4-8 years | 30 |
| 9-13 years | 40 |
| 14+ years | 55 |
| Pregnant women | 60 |
| Breastfeeding women | 70 |
Important Dosage Notes
Research showing benefits used 200 mcg daily[Evidence: A][16][11]. However, selenium administration at and above 200 µg per day was associated with decreased HDL cholesterol and increased triglyceride levels[Evidence: A][2]. This means higher doses should only be used under medical supervision for specific conditions.
⚠️ Risks, Side Effects, and Warnings
⚠️ Important Safety Information
- Selenium has a narrow safety margin. The upper intake level (400 mcg/day) is only about 7 times the RDA (55 mcg/day).
- Doses at or above 200 µg/day may decrease HDL cholesterol and increase triglycerides[Evidence: A][2].
- Some evidence suggests high selenium levels may be linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and aggressive prostate cancer[Evidence: D][9].
- Consult your healthcare provider before supplementing, especially if you have thyroid conditions or take medications.
Selenium Toxicity (Selenosis)
Chronic intake above 400 mcg per day can cause selenosis. Symptoms include:
- Hair loss and brittle nails
- Garlic breath odor
- Nausea and diarrhea
- Skin rashes
- Fatigue and irritability
- Nervous system problems (in severe cases)
Who Should Be Cautious
- People with adequate selenium status: Most Americans get enough selenium from diet. Additional supplementation may not be beneficial and could cause harm.
- People with kidney disease: May have impaired selenium excretion.
- People on dialysis: Risk of deficiency or accumulation depending on treatment.
- Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Consult healthcare provider before supplementing beyond prenatal vitamins.
Drug Interactions
Specific drug interaction data in recent literature is limited. General precautions include:
- Thyroid medications: Selenium affects thyroid hormone metabolism. Monitor thyroid function if supplementing.
- Immunosuppressants: Selenium affects immune function. Consult your doctor before combining.
- Antacids: May reduce selenium absorption. Take selenium at least 2 hours apart from antacids.
- Cholesterol-lowering medications: High-dose selenium may affect lipid levels[Evidence: A][2].
Inform your healthcare provider of all medications before using selenium supplements[Evidence: D][12].
🥗 Practical Ways to Use Selenium
How to Use This in Your Daily Life
For Hashimoto Thyroiditis Support
- Dose: 200 µg daily[Evidence: A][16]
- Duration: 3-6 months
- Population: Adults with Hashimoto thyroiditis not on thyroid hormone replacement
- Timing: With breakfast or a meal containing some fat
- What to track: TPOAb levels, TSH levels
- Expected results: Reduced thyroid antibodies over 3-6 months[Evidence: A][14]
For Ulcerative Colitis Support
- Dose: 200 mcg daily (oral selenomethionine)[Evidence: B][11]
- Duration: 10 weeks
- Population: Adults with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis
- Timing: With meals
- What to track: Disease activity, inflammatory markers
- Expected results: Clinical improvement in about 38% compared to 6% with placebo[Evidence: B][11]
Practical Integration
Take selenium with breakfast or your largest meal of the day. A meal containing some fat helps with absorption. Store supplements in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and humidity.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Eating too many Brazil nuts: One Brazil nut contains approximately 90 mcg of selenium. Eating 3-4 or more daily risks exceeding the 400 mcg upper limit.
- Taking selenium with antacids: This can reduce absorption. Wait at least 2 hours between them.
- Inconsistent dosing: Studies showing benefits used daily dosing[Evidence: A][16]. Sporadic use may not achieve the same results.
- Assuming more is better: High doses (≥200 mcg/day) may have adverse effects on lipid levels[Evidence: A][2].
What to Look for When Choosing Selenium
Not all selenium supplements are created equal. Here is what matters when selecting a quality product:
Quality Markers
- Third-party testing: Look for USP, NSF, or ConsumerLab certification Why it matters: Verifies ingredient accuracy and purity
- Form used in research: Selenomethionine was used in clinical studies[Evidence: B][11] Why it matters: Higher bioavailability (approximately 90%) than sodium selenite (approximately 50%)
- Dosage match: Look for 100-200 mcg per serving to match research doses Why it matters: Research-backed dosages ensure effectiveness
- Minimal additives: Avoid unnecessary fillers, artificial colors, or common allergens Why it matters: Reduces risk of adverse reactions
Selenium Form Comparison
| Form | Bioavailability | Type | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Selenomethionine | ~90% | Organic | General supplementation, research-matched |
| Sodium selenite | ~50% | Inorganic | Lower cost option |
| Selenium yeast | Variable | Organic | Food-based preference |
Red Flags to Avoid
- Proprietary blends: Cannot verify exact selenium amount per serving
- Unrealistic claims: Products claiming to "cure" or "guarantee" results
- No batch testing: Quality varies without independent verification
- Doses above 200 mcg: Higher doses may have adverse effects without clear additional benefit
Where to Buy
- Best: Pharmacies with licensed pharmacists (CVS, Walgreens), reputable health stores
- Caution: Online marketplaces (Amazon, eBay). Verify seller authenticity and check for tamper seals
- Avoid: Unregulated websites, pop-up ads, products with exaggerated health claims
Selenium vs Zinc: What to Know
Selenium and zinc are both essential trace minerals that support immune function, but they work through different mechanisms and have distinct benefits. They are not interchangeable. Your body needs both in appropriate amounts.
| Feature | Selenium | Zinc |
|---|---|---|
| Primary immune effect | Improves NK cell activity[A][17] | Supports T-cell function (general medical knowledge) |
| Thyroid support | Essential for T4→T3 conversion[D][10] | Supports thyroid hormone synthesis (general medical knowledge) |
| Antioxidant role | Component of glutathione peroxidase[A][7] | Component of superoxide dismutase (general medical knowledge) |
| RDA (adults) | 55 mcg/day | 8-11 mg/day |
| Upper limit (UL) | 400 mcg/day | 40 mg/day |
| Best food source | Brazil nuts, seafood | Oysters, red meat, poultry |
Can You Take Selenium and Zinc Together?
Yes, selenium and zinc can generally be taken together. They have complementary roles in immune function and antioxidant protection. Many multivitamins and immune support formulas contain both minerals. However, always follow dosage guidelines for each and consult your healthcare provider if you have specific health conditions.
Important: This comparison is for educational purposes. Both selenium and zinc are essential nutrients with distinct roles. Consult your healthcare provider to determine which minerals you may need based on your individual health status and dietary intake.
What The Evidence Shows (And Doesn't Show)
What Research Suggests
- Higher selenium levels were associated with 13% lower all-cause mortality, 11% lower cardiovascular mortality, and 15% lower cancer mortality in a systematic review of cohort studies[Evidence: A][1]
- In people with Hashimoto thyroiditis, selenium supplementation (200 µg/day) reduced thyroid antibodies (TPOAb) significantly over 3-6 months and decreased TSH levels[Evidence: A][14][16]
- Selenium supplementation improved natural killer cell activity, supporting immune function[Evidence: A][17]
- Selenium increased antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase levels while decreasing oxidative stress markers[Evidence: A][7]
- In pregnant women, selenium supplementation reduced the incidence of preeclampsia[Evidence: A][5]
What's NOT Yet Proven
- Selenium alone did not significantly reduce heart disease risk or death from all causes in randomized controlled trials[Evidence: A][15]. The mortality associations from cohort studies may reflect overall nutritional status rather than selenium-specific effects.
- Optimal therapeutic dosage beyond RDA (55 mcg) not established. Studies used 200 mcg/day but this dose may have adverse lipid effects[Evidence: A][2].
- Long-term safety beyond 6 months of supplementation is not well characterized in the available literature.
- Effects in children are not well studied. Most research focused on adults.
- Cancer prevention benefits are not established. While mortality data suggests associations, intervention trials have not confirmed preventive effects.
Where Caution Is Needed
- Doses at or above 200 µg/day were associated with decreased HDL cholesterol and increased triglycerides[Evidence: A][2]
- Some evidence suggests high selenium levels may be linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and high-grade prostate cancer[Evidence: D][9]
- The inverted U-shaped relationship for immune effects means both too little and too much selenium may be problematic[Evidence: A][17]
- Brazil nuts have highly variable selenium content (68-400 mcg per nut), making precise dosing difficult and toxicity risk real
Should YOU Try This?
Best suited for: Adults with Hashimoto thyroiditis (not on thyroid hormone replacement therapy), those with documented selenium deficiency, and individuals with inflammatory conditions like ulcerative colitis, under medical supervision.
Not recommended for: People with adequate selenium intake from diet (most Americans), those with a history of skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma risk), pregnant women without medical supervision, and anyone taking more than 200 mcg/day without monitoring.
Realistic timeline: Thyroid antibody reductions seen at 3-6 months[Evidence: A][14]. Inflammatory condition improvements over 10 weeks[Evidence: B][11].
When to consult a professional: Before starting supplementation, especially if you have thyroid conditions, take medications, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or have other health conditions. Ask about testing your selenium levels before and during supplementation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the symptoms of selenium deficiency?
Selenium deficiency is rare in the United States but can occur in people with digestive disorders, those on dialysis, or in regions with selenium-depleted soil. Symptoms may include fatigue, mental fog, weakened immune function, muscle weakness, and hair discoloration. Severe deficiency can lead to Keshan disease (a type of heart disease) or Kashin-Beck disease (affecting joints and bones). If you experience these symptoms and have risk factors, ask your doctor about testing your selenium levels.
Can you get too much selenium?
Yes, selenium toxicity (selenosis) can occur with chronic intake above 400 mcg per day. Symptoms include hair loss, brittle nails, garlic breath odor, nausea, diarrhea, skin rashes, fatigue, and irritability. Severe toxicity can affect the nervous system. Brazil nuts are a common cause of unintentional overdose since one nut contains approximately 90 mcg. Limit Brazil nut consumption to 1-2 per day. If you take supplements, monitor your total intake from all sources.
What is the best form of selenium supplement?
Selenomethionine is generally considered the best form because it has the highest bioavailability (approximately 90%) compared to sodium selenite (approximately 50%). Clinical studies used selenomethionine at 200 mcg daily . Selenium yeast contains multiple organic selenium forms and may be preferred by those wanting a food-based supplement. Choose a product with third-party testing for quality assurance.
Can selenium cause hair loss?
Paradoxically, both too little and too much selenium can cause hair problems. Selenium toxicity (from chronic intake above 400 mcg/day) is a known cause of hair loss and brittle nails. If you are experiencing hair loss and take selenium supplements or eat many Brazil nuts, check your total daily intake. Staying within the recommended range (55-200 mcg/day) should not cause hair issues for most people.
How much selenium is in Brazil nuts?
Brazil nuts are the richest food source of selenium, but their content varies significantly (68-400 mcg per nut) depending on the soil where they were grown. On average, one Brazil nut contains approximately 90 mcg. This means eating just 1-2 Brazil nuts daily can meet or exceed your RDA (55 mcg). Eating 4 or more Brazil nuts daily risks exceeding the 400 mcg upper limit and causing toxicity over time.
Should I take selenium with or without food?
Take selenium with food for better absorption and to reduce any potential stomach discomfort. A meal containing some fat may enhance absorption. Morning with breakfast is a common recommendation, though there is no strong evidence that timing significantly affects selenium's benefits. Avoid taking selenium at the same time as antacids, which may reduce absorption.
Does selenium interact with medications?
Specific drug interaction data is limited in recent literature. Selenium may interact with thyroid medications (since it affects thyroid hormone metabolism), immunosuppressants (since it affects immune function), and cholesterol-lowering drugs (since high doses may affect lipid levels ). Antacids may reduce selenium absorption. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you take.
Does selenium boost the immune system?
Research shows selenium supplementation has a beneficial effect on natural killer (NK) cell lysis activity, which helps your body fight infections and abnormal cells . The relationship between selenium and NK cell count shows an inverted U-shape, suggesting both too little and too much selenium may affect immune cell numbers. Selenium's immune benefits appear optimal within recommended intake ranges rather than at high doses.
How long does selenium take to work?
Timeline varies by the condition being addressed. In people with Hashimoto thyroiditis, research showed reductions in thyroid antibodies at 3 months with continued improvement at 6 months . In people with ulcerative colitis, clinical improvement was observed over 10 weeks . For general antioxidant and immune support, expect to use selenium consistently for at least several weeks before noticing any effects.
Can you take selenium and zinc together?
Yes, selenium and zinc can generally be taken together. They have complementary roles in immune function, antioxidant protection, and thyroid health. Many combination supplements contain both minerals. There is no strong evidence of harmful interactions between them at recommended doses. However, both minerals have upper intake limits (selenium 400 mcg, zinc 40 mg), so monitor your total intake from all sources including food and supplements.
Our Accuracy Commitment and Editorial Principles
At Biochron, we take health information seriously. Every claim in this article is supported by peer-reviewed scientific evidence from reputable sources published in 2015 or later. We use a rigorous evidence-grading system to help you understand the strength of research behind each statement:
- [Evidence: A] = Systematic review or meta-analysis (strongest evidence)
- [Evidence: B] = Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- [Evidence: C] = Cohort or case-control study
- [Evidence: D] = Expert opinion or clinical guideline
Our editorial team follows strict guidelines: we never exaggerate health claims, we clearly distinguish between correlation and causation, we update content regularly as new research emerges, and we transparently note when evidence is limited or conflicting. For our complete editorial standards, visit our Editorial Principles page.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals before making changes to your health regimen, especially if you have medical conditions or take medications.
References
- 1 . Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, Redox Biology, 2025, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 2 . Effects of Selenium Administration on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Experimental Human Studies, Nutrition Reviews, 2025, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 3 . Effect of selenium supplementation on inflammatory markers and joint symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis and systematic review, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2025, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 4 . A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of the effect of selenium supplementation on serum concentration of C-reactive protein, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2023, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 5 . Selenium and Preeclampsia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Biological Trace Element Research, 2016, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 6 . Selenium and Selenoproteins: Mechanisms, Health Functions, and Emerging Applications, Molecules, 2025, PubMed [Evidence: D]
- 7 . Effect of selenium supplementation on antioxidant markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Hormones, 2019, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 8 . Selenium and Iodine in Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets, 2015, PubMed [Evidence: D]
- 9 . Environmental Selenium and Human Health: an Update, Current Environmental Health Reports, 2018, PubMed [Evidence: D]
- 10 . Selenium, Iodine and Iron-Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, PubMed [Evidence: D]
- 11 . The effect of selenium supplementation on disease activity and immune-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, European Journal of Nutrition, 2023, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 12 . Selenium, StatPearls, 2025, PubMed [Evidence: D]
- 13 . Role of Supplementation with Selenium and Myo-Inositol Versus Selenium Alone in Patients of Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes, 2024, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 14 . Clinical efficacy of selenium supplementation in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Medicine, 2025, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 15 . Selenium, antioxidants, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2020, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 16 . Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials, Thyroid, 2024, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 17 . Selenium and immune function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental human studies, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2023, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 18 . The correlation between selenium levels and autoimmune thyroid disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Annals of Palliative Medicine, 2021, PubMed [Evidence: A]
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. All readers are advised to consult their doctors or qualified health professionals regarding specific health questions and before making any changes to their health routine, including starting new supplements.
Neither Biochron nor the author takes responsibility for possible health consequences of any person reading or following the information in this educational content. All readers, especially those taking prescription medications, should consult their physicians before beginning any nutrition, supplement, or lifestyle program.
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