💡 What You Need to Know Right Away
Probiotic strains are specific types of beneficial bacteria and yeasts that support digestive health, boost immune function, and promote overall wellness when consumed in adequate amounts. Each strain has a unique three-part name—genus, species, and strain ID—that identifies its particular characteristics and researched health benefits.
Also known as: Live beneficial bacteria, gut microbiota supplements, lactic acid bacteria, beneficial microorganisms
- Research confirms probiotic benefits are highly specific to the exact strain used. Results from one strain cannot be assumed for another[Evidence: A][2]
- In people taking antibiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhea risk by about half[Evidence: A][3]
- Studies show probiotics helped reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in people diagnosed with these conditions[Evidence: A][1]
- Research confirms probiotics and prebiotics are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding[Evidence: A][7]
If you have been wondering which probiotic strain is right for you, you are not alone. With thousands of products on the market claiming different health benefits, the choices can feel overwhelming. It is common to feel confused about strain names, CFU counts, and whether any of this actually matters for your health.
The good news is that decades of clinical research now provide clear guidance on which strains work for specific conditions. In this guide, you will learn how probiotic strains are named, which strains have the strongest evidence for digestive health, immunity, and mental wellness, and how to choose a quality product. We will cover dosage recommendations backed by clinical trials, safety considerations for different populations, and practical tips for getting the most from your probiotic.
❓ Quick Answers
What are probiotic strains?
Probiotic strains are specific types of beneficial bacteria or yeasts identified by a three-part naming system: genus (like Lactobacillus), species (like rhamnosus), and strain ID (like GG). Each strain has unique characteristics and researched health benefits. Not all strains within the same species provide identical effects, which is why the full strain name matters when choosing a probiotic[Evidence: A][2].
Is it safe to take probiotics every day?
For most healthy adults, daily probiotic use is safe and well tolerated. Research confirms probiotics are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding[Evidence: A][7]. In older adults, regular probiotic use enhanced immune markers[Evidence: A][6]. However, people with severe immune conditions, central venous catheters, or critical illness should consult a doctor first.
Which probiotic strain is best for gut health?
For irritable bowel syndrome, Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 significantly reduced abdominal pain, bloating, and bowel dysfunction[Evidence: A][4]. For general digestive wellness, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus showed the strongest evidence for quality of life and symptom relief[Evidence: A][11]. The best strain depends on your specific health goal.
How many CFU should a probiotic have?
Effective doses vary by health goal. For antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention, 10 billion CFU daily is effective[Evidence: A][3]. For IBS symptoms, Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 works at just 100 million CFU daily[Evidence: A][4]. For obesity-related microbiota support, doses of 1 to 100 billion CFU daily showed benefits[Evidence: A][9].
What foods contain probiotics naturally?
Fermented foods are natural probiotic sources. Yogurt with live cultures contains Lactobacillus and Streptococcus strains. Kefir provides diverse Lactobacillus species. Sauerkraut and kimchi contain Lactobacillus plantarum. Miso and tempeh contain beneficial bacteria from fermentation. Kombucha contains various yeast and bacterial strains. To get probiotic benefits, look for "live and active cultures" on labels and avoid pasteurized versions.
What is the difference between Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium?
Lactobacillus strains primarily colonize the small intestine and produce lactic acid, while Bifidobacterium strains predominate in the large intestine (colon) and produce both lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids like acetate. Lactobacillus thrives in slightly acidic, oxygen-present environments, while Bifidobacterium prefers strictly oxygen-free conditions. Both genera show significant benefits for different conditions[Evidence: A][2].
Do probiotics need to be refrigerated?
It depends on the formulation. Traditional probiotic strains like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium often require refrigeration to maintain viability. Shelf-stable formulations use freeze-drying, specialized coating, or naturally hardy strains like Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus coagulans that survive at room temperature. Always check the product label for specific storage instructions, and store refrigerated probiotics in their original container with desiccant packs to prevent moisture damage.
Probiotic Strains
Not all probiotics are created equal. Different strains perform unique functions, from boosting immunity to improving mental health via the gut-brain axis.
🔬 How Do Probiotic Strains Work?
Think of your gut as a garden, and probiotic strains as beneficial plants you are introducing to crowd out weeds. Just as different plants thrive in different conditions and provide different benefits, each probiotic strain has its own preferred environment and unique contributions to your health.
Probiotic strains work through several key mechanisms. First, they compete with harmful bacteria for nutrients and attachment sites on your intestinal lining, essentially occupying the space so pathogens cannot establish themselves. This competitive exclusion is one reason why strain-specificity matters so much. Research confirms that probiotic benefits are highly specific to the exact strain used[Evidence: A][2].
Second, probiotics produce beneficial compounds as metabolic byproducts. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains produce short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, acetate, and propionate, which nourish your intestinal cells and reduce inflammation. Some strains also produce hydrogen peroxide and other antimicrobial substances that inhibit pathogen growth.
Third, probiotics interact with your immune system. In older adults, probiotic supplementation increased natural killer cell activity and improved immune markers[Evidence: A][6]. Research also shows probiotics may improve flu vaccine response in elderly populations[Evidence: A][6].
The gut-brain axis represents another fascinating mechanism. Certain probiotic strains produce neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which influences mood and stress response. Studies show probiotics helped reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in people diagnosed with these conditions, with single-strain probiotics showing the strongest benefits[Evidence: A][1].
Lactobacillus plantarum improves periodontal health, digestive function, and markers of infection through multiple pathways[Evidence: A][8]. Research indicates probiotics work even better when combined with prebiotics (fiber that feeds beneficial bacteria), creating synbiotic effects that amplify benefits[Evidence: A][8].
🧪 What to Expect: The Real User Experience
Sensory Profile by Form
Capsules are the most popular form, preferred by about 65% of users for their convenience and lack of taste. Most capsules taste neutral to slightly minty if swallowed quickly with water. However, about 40% of users report a "burp factor" where a yeast-like or earthy flavor returns 1 to 3 hours after taking capsules, especially with multi-strain blends containing Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Liquid probiotics have a sour, fermented taste similar to diluted kombucha or thin kefir. Unflavored versions are often described as "very sour" or "vinegar-like." The fermented smell is noticeable when opening the bottle. Liquids leave a tangy, acidic mouthfeel and a lingering sour aftertaste for 15 to 30 minutes.
Powders taste neutral to slightly chalky, similar to dry milk powder. They may not dissolve completely, leaving a gritty residue at the bottom of your glass. Powders can clump if exposed to moisture.
Gummies taste sweet and fruity, similar to fruit snacks, but typically contain lower CFU counts (1 to 3 billion versus 10 to 20 billion in capsules) and added sugars.
Common User Experiences
Many people notice mild bloating or increased gas during the first 1 to 2 weeks, especially with high-CFU products. This is normal as your gut microbiome adjusts. The "burp factor" with capsules can be reduced by taking them with a full meal. Liquid probiotics oxidize quickly once opened and typically last only 2 to 3 months in the refrigerator.
Practical Usage Tips
- To reduce burp factor: Take capsules with a full meal (8 oz water plus food)
- To mask liquid taste: Mix with cold orange juice or smoothie
- To prevent powder clumping: Store in airtight container with desiccant pack
- For best dissolution: Use a blender for powders rather than just shaking
- If refrigerated: Let bottle reach room temperature before opening to prevent condensation
- For children: Open capsules and mix powder with applesauce or yogurt
📊 Dosage and How to Use
Effective probiotic doses vary significantly by strain and health goal. Research shows that more CFUs are not always better. Some strains like Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 work at just 100 million CFU, while obesity-related applications may require up to 100 billion CFU daily[Evidence: A][9].
| Purpose/Condition | Recommended Strain(s) | Dosage | Duration | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | 10 billion CFU/day | During antibiotics + 1-2 weeks after | [A][3] |
| Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (C. difficile) | Saccharomyces boulardii | 5-10 billion CFU/day | 5-14 days during/post-antibiotic | [A][5] |
| Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 | 100 million CFU/day | 4 weeks | [A][4] |
| Inflammatory bowel disease (UC) | Lactobacillus + Bifidobacterium strains | 10-1000 billion CFU/day | Variable (study-dependent) | [A][12] |
| Acute pediatric diarrhea | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | ≥10 billion CFU/day | Until symptom resolution | [A][13] |
| Periodontal and digestive health | Lactobacillus plantarum | 10 billion CFU/day | 4-8 weeks | [A][8] |
| Obesity-related microbiota support | Various strains (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) | 1-100 billion CFU/day | 8-12 weeks | [A][9] |
General dosage guidance: For children ages 3 to 12, start with 5 to 10 billion CFU daily. Adults 18 to 64 typically use 10 to 20 billion CFU for general wellness. Higher doses of 10 billion CFU or more are generally more effective for treating acute conditions[Evidence: A][13]. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting supplementation, especially for children or specific health conditions.
When to take: Most research studies do not specify optimal timing, but taking probiotics with meals may reduce the burp factor and improve survival through stomach acid. Consistency matters more than timing. Take your probiotic at the same time daily for best results.
⚠️ Risks, Side Effects, and Warnings
Research confirms probiotics and prebiotics are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding[Evidence: A][7]. For most healthy adults, side effects are mild and transient. It is common to worry about taking live bacteria, but decades of research support the safety profile of commercially available strains.
Drug Interactions
Antibiotics: Take probiotics 2 to 3 hours apart from antibiotic doses to avoid killing probiotic bacteria. Saccharomyces boulardii is not affected by antibiotics because it is a yeast, not a bacterium[Evidence: A][5].
Immunosuppressants: People taking immunosuppressive medications should consult their doctor before using probiotics due to theoretical infection risk in immunocompromised states[Evidence: A][7].
Antifungals: May reduce the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii (probiotic yeast). Separate doses by several hours if using both.
Special Populations
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Safe. Maternal supplementation influences infant gut and breast milk microbiota in beneficial ways, reducing risk of infantile colic and infections[Evidence: A][7].
Children (2 years and older): Generally safe. Saccharomyces boulardii appears more effective in children than adults for preventing C. difficile infection during antibiotic treatment[Evidence: A][5].
Elderly (65+ years): Safe and potentially beneficial. Probiotics increased natural killer cell activity and improved vaccine response in older adults[Evidence: A][6].
🥗 Practical Ways to Use Probiotic Strains
How to Use This in Your Daily Life
Scenario 1: Antibiotic Protection
- Strain: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG or Saccharomyces boulardii[3][5]
- Dose: 10 billion CFU daily (S. boulardii: 5-10 billion CFU)
- Duration: Start on day 1 of antibiotics, continue 1-2 weeks after finishing
- Timing: Take 2-3 hours apart from antibiotic dose
- What to track: Stool frequency and consistency
- Expected results: About 50% reduction in diarrhea risk[3]
Scenario 2: IBS Symptom Management
- Strain: Bifidobacterium infantis 35624[4]
- Dose: 100 million CFU daily
- Duration: 4 weeks minimum
- Timing: With breakfast
- What to track: Abdominal pain, bloating, bowel habits
- Expected results: Significant reduction in pain, bloating, and bowel dysfunction[4]
Practical Integration
Take capsules with a full meal (8 oz water plus food) to reduce the burp factor and improve survival through stomach acid. Store probiotics in their original container with desiccant packs. If refrigeration is required, store on a main shelf rather than the door to avoid temperature fluctuations.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Taking probiotics too close to antibiotics: Antibiotics kill probiotic bacteria. Separate doses by 2-3 hours, or use Saccharomyces boulardii which is antibiotic-resistant[5].
- Inconsistent dosing: Studies used daily dosing. Sporadic use may not achieve benefits. Set a daily reminder.
- Choosing by CFU count alone: More CFUs are not always better. B. infantis 35624 works at just 100 million CFU[4]. Match the strain to your health goal.
- Improper storage: Heat and moisture degrade probiotics. Never leave refrigerated products out overnight.
What to Look for When Choosing Probiotic Strains
Not all probiotic supplements are created equal. Here is what matters when selecting a quality product:
Quality Markers
- Full strain identification: Look for the complete three-part name (genus, species, strain ID) like "Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG" or "Bifidobacterium infantis 35624" Why it matters: Strain-specificity is critical for probiotic efficacy. Results from one strain cannot be assumed for another[2]
- CFU count at expiration: The label should state CFU count "at time of expiration" not "at manufacture" Why it matters: Probiotics lose viability over time. Guarantees at expiration ensure you get what you paid for
- Third-party testing: Look for USP, NSF, or ConsumerLab certification seals Why it matters: Verifies ingredient accuracy, purity, and actual CFU counts
- Clinical trial support: Products should cite specific studies using that exact strain Why it matters: Claims based on studies of different strains are misleading[2]
- Clear storage instructions: Labels should specify refrigeration requirements or confirm shelf-stability Why it matters: Improper storage kills live cultures, making the product ineffective
Red Flags to Avoid
- Proprietary blends: Cannot verify individual strain amounts or identities
- Missing strain IDs: "Lactobacillus acidophilus" alone without strain identifier means you cannot verify clinical backing
- Unrealistic claims: "Cures," "miracle," "guaranteed results" violate FDA regulations and signal low-quality products
- Suspiciously cheap: Quality strains, proper testing, and shelf-life guarantees cost money
- No expiration date: Probiotics are live cultures with finite shelf lives
Where to Buy
- Best: Pharmacies with licensed pharmacists (CVS, Walgreens, Rite Aid) and reputable health stores (Whole Foods, Sprouts)
- Caution: Online marketplaces (Amazon, eBay). Verify seller authenticity, check for tamper seals, read recent reviews about product condition
- Avoid: Unregulated websites, pop-up ads, multi-level marketing schemes with unverified claims
Multi-Strain vs Single-Strain Probiotics: What to Know
Multi-strain and single-strain probiotics work through similar mechanisms, but they are not interchangeable for all health goals. Studies indicate single-strain probiotics may work better than multi-strain combinations for mental health support[Evidence: A][1]. However, synbiotic combinations (probiotic plus prebiotic) work better than single probiotics alone for inflammatory bowel disease[Evidence: A][12].
| Feature | Single-Strain Probiotics | Multi-Strain Probiotics |
|---|---|---|
| Research Support | Strongest evidence for specific conditions (IBS, AAD, anxiety)[1][4] | Evidence supports combination approaches for IBD, weight management[9][12] |
| Mental Health Benefits | Single-strain showed strongest benefit for depression/anxiety[1] | Moderate effects; may not match single-strain efficacy |
| IBS Symptom Relief | Six single-strain probiotics showed significant efficacy[11] | Three multi-strain mixtures also showed significant efficacy[11] |
| Weight Management | Specific strains effective for obesity-related dysbiosis[9] | Synbiotic combinations (with prebiotics) superior for weight management[9] |
| Best For | Targeted conditions with specific strain evidence (IBS, AAD prevention, anxiety) | General wellness, IBD, situations where multiple mechanisms may help |
What The Evidence Shows (And Doesn't Show)
What Research Suggests
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhea risk by about 50% (from 22.4% to 12.3%) based on 11 RCTs with 1,308 participants[Evidence: A][3]
- Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 significantly reduces IBS symptoms including abdominal pain, bloating, and bowel dysfunction at just 100 million CFU daily[Evidence: A][4]
- Probiotics produce moderate to large effects on depression and anxiety symptoms in clinically diagnosed patients (23 RCTs, 1,401 patients)[Evidence: A][1]
- Saccharomyces boulardii reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhea risk from 18.7% to 8.5%, with greater effectiveness in children for C. difficile prevention[Evidence: A][5]
- Probiotics are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with benefits extending to infant gut microbiota[Evidence: A][7]
What's NOT Yet Proven
- Permanent colonization: Most commercial probiotic strains are transient and do not permanently establish in the gut
- Universal weight loss: While specific strains help correct obesity-related dysbiosis[9], probiotics are not proven weight loss agents on their own
- Strain transferability: Research confirms benefits are highly strain-specific. You cannot assume benefits from L. rhamnosus GG apply to other L. rhamnosus strains[2]
- Long-term effects beyond study durations: Most studies run 4 to 12 weeks. Effects of decades-long use are not well characterized
- Optimal timing: No studies definitively prove morning vs. evening dosing matters
Where Caution Is Needed
- Immunocompromised patients: Contraindicated in severe immunocompromised states due to infection risk[Evidence: A][7]
- Premature infants: FDA warns against probiotic use in infants born before 32 weeks gestation[7]
- Critical illness: ICU patients, those with acute pancreatitis, or recent intestinal surgery should avoid probiotics[7]
- Proprietary blend products: Cannot verify strain identity, amounts, or clinical backing
- Quality variability: Some commercial products contain fewer viable organisms than labeled. Third-party testing recommended
Should YOU Try This?
Best suited for: Adults and children (2+ years) seeking digestive health support, those taking antibiotics, people with IBS symptoms, those interested in immune support, and individuals exploring gut-brain axis benefits for mood.
Not recommended for: Severely immunocompromised individuals, premature infants, people with central venous catheters, those with acute pancreatitis, ICU patients, or anyone with recent intestinal surgery.
Realistic timeline: Acute diarrhea: 1 to 3 days. IBS symptoms: 4 weeks. General wellness: 2 to 4 weeks. Effects are not permanent; benefits typically fade 1 to 3 weeks after discontinuation.
When to consult a professional: Before starting probiotics if you have a serious health condition, take immunosuppressants, or plan to give probiotics to infants. If symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop, stop use and consult your healthcare provider.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you take probiotics with antibiotics?
Yes, and research strongly supports doing so. In people taking antibiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhea risk by about half. Saccharomyces boulardii reduced risk from 18.7% to 8.5%. The key is timing: take probiotics 2 to 3 hours apart from antibiotic doses. S. boulardii is particularly useful because, as a yeast, it is not killed by antibiotics and appears more effective in children for preventing C. difficile infection.
Are multi-strain probiotics better than single-strain?
It depends on your health goal. Studies indicate single-strain probiotics may work better than multi-strain combinations for mental health support. However, for inflammatory bowel disease and weight management, synbiotic combinations (probiotics plus prebiotics) show superior results. For IBS, both six single-strain probiotics and three multi-strain mixtures showed significant efficacy. Choose based on specific condition evidence, not strain count.
How long does it take for probiotics to start working?
Timeline varies by condition and individual response. In children with acute diarrhea, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG shortened diarrhea duration by about 1 day with early intervention. For IBS, studies typically show benefits after 4 weeks of consistent use. General gut health benefits may take 2 to 4 weeks of daily use. If you experience no improvement after 4 to 6 weeks, consult your healthcare provider about trying a different strain.
When should I take probiotics: morning or night?
Most clinical trials do not specify optimal timing, suggesting consistency matters more than specific time of day. Taking probiotics with meals may improve survival through stomach acid and reduce the burp factor common with capsules. Some people prefer morning dosing to establish routine, while others take probiotics at night believing digestive rest improves colonization. Choose whichever time helps you maintain daily consistency.
Do probiotics help with IBS?
Yes, research confirms significant benefits for IBS. In people with irritable bowel syndrome, Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 significantly reduced abdominal pain, bloating, and bowel dysfunction. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus were most effective for improving quality of life, bloating, and abdominal pain. Strain selection matters: six single-strain probiotics and three multi-strain mixtures showed significant efficacy in a meta-analysis of 42 trials.
Can probiotics help with anxiety?
Research shows probiotics helped reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in people diagnosed with these conditions. A meta-analysis of 23 trials with 1,401 patients found moderate to large effects on reducing symptoms. Interestingly, single-strain probiotics showed the strongest benefit compared to multi-strain formulations. This likely relates to the gut-brain axis, where certain probiotic strains produce neurotransmitters like GABA. Probiotics are not a replacement for mental health treatment. Consult a healthcare provider.
What happens if you stop taking probiotics?
Probiotic bacteria generally do not permanently colonize the gut. Most commercial strains are transient, passing through within 1 to 3 weeks after discontinuation. Benefits may gradually diminish once you stop. For ongoing concerns like IBS, many people use probiotics long-term. For acute conditions like antibiotic-associated diarrhea, you may only need them during and shortly after antibiotic treatment. There is no withdrawal or rebound effect from stopping probiotics.
Can kids take probiotics?
Yes, research supports probiotic safety and efficacy in children. In children with acute diarrhea, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG shortened diarrhea duration by about 1 day. Saccharomyces boulardii appears more effective in children than adults for preventing C. difficile infection during antibiotic treatment. Higher probiotic doses (at least 10 billion CFU daily) work better for treating childhood diarrhea. Exception: FDA warns against probiotics in premature infants (<32 weeks) due to infection risk.
Do probiotics survive stomach acid?
Survival varies by strain and formulation. Saccharomyces boulardii (a yeast) and spore-forming bacteria like Bacillus coagulans naturally survive stomach acid better than traditional Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Enteric-coated capsules protect bacteria during stomach transit. Taking probiotics with meals buffers stomach acid and improves survival. Shelf-stable formulations often use hardy strains selected for acid resistance. Look for products specifying 'survives stomach acid' or using protective delivery technologies.
What to look for on a probiotic label?
Check for: (1) Full strain names including strain ID (e.g., 'Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG' not just 'L. rhamnosus'). Research confirms strain-specificity is critical. (2) CFU count 'at expiration' not 'at manufacture.' (3) Expiration date clearly marked. (4) Storage instructions (refrigerated vs. shelf-stable). (5) Third-party testing seal (USP, NSF, ConsumerLab). (6) Allergen warnings if you have sensitivities. Avoid proprietary blends that hide individual strain amounts.
Our Accuracy Commitment and Editorial Principles
At Biochron, we take health information seriously. Every claim in this article is supported by peer-reviewed scientific evidence from reputable sources published in 2015 or later. We use a rigorous evidence-grading system to help you understand the strength of research behind each statement:
- [Evidence: A] = Systematic review or meta-analysis (strongest evidence)
- [Evidence: B] = Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- [Evidence: C] = Cohort or case-control study
- [Evidence: D] = Expert opinion or clinical guideline
Our editorial team follows strict guidelines: we never exaggerate health claims, we clearly distinguish between correlation and causation, we update content regularly as new research emerges, and we transparently note when evidence is limited or conflicting. For our complete editorial standards, visit our Editorial Principles page.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals before making changes to your health regimen, especially if you have medical conditions or take medications.
References
- 1 . Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Clinically Diagnosed Samples: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Nutrition Reviews, 2025, Vol. 83(7): e1504-e1520. PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 2 . Strain-Specificity and Disease-Specificity of Probiotic Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Frontiers in Medicine, 2018, Vol. 5: 124. PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 3 . Systematic review with meta-analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and adults, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2015, Vol. 42(10): 1149-57. PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 4 . Efficacy of Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis, Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2017, Vol. 33(7): 1191-1197. PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 5 . Systematic review with meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2015, Vol. 42(7): 793-801. PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 6 . The Effect of Probiotics on Health Outcomes in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Studies, Microorganisms, 2021, Vol. 9(6). PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 7 . Are Probiotics and Prebiotics Safe for Use during Pregnancy and Lactation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Nutrients, 2021, Vol. 13(7). PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 8 . The Health Benefits of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2024, Vol. 17(5): 3358-3377. PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 9 . Probiotic Strains and Intervention Total Doses for Modulating Obesity-Related Microbiota Dysbiosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Nutrients, 2020, Vol. 12(7). PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 10 . Strain-specific and outcome-specific efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis, EClinicalMedicine, 2021, Vol. 41: 101154. PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 11 . Clinical effects and gut microbiota changes of using probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis, European Journal of Nutrition, 2021, Vol. 60(5): 2855-2875. PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 12 . Efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in treatment of acute pediatric diarrhea: A systematic review with meta-analysis, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2019, Vol. 25(33): 4999-5016. PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 13 . Systematic review with meta-analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for treating acute gastroenteritis in children - a 2019 update, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2019, Vol. 49(11): 1376-1384. PubMed [Evidence: A]
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. All readers are advised to consult their doctors or qualified health professionals regarding specific health questions and before making any changes to their health routine, including starting new supplements.
Neither Biochron nor the author takes responsibility for possible health consequences of any person reading or following the information in this educational content. All readers, especially those taking prescription medications, should consult their physicians before beginning any nutrition, supplement, or lifestyle program.
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