💡 What You Need to Know Right Away
L-Glutamine is an amino acid that supports intestinal cell health, strengthens the gut barrier, and helps reduce digestive inflammation when your body needs extra support during stress, illness, or gut-related conditions.
Also known as: Glutamine, L-Gln, Gln, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid
- In people with IBS following food poisoning, L-Glutamine helped reduce symptoms by about 80% compared to placebo[Evidence: B][4]
- When combined with a low FODMAP diet, about 9 out of 10 people with IBS experienced major symptom improvement[Evidence: B][6]
- At standard doses (under 30g daily), L-Glutamine did not significantly improve intestinal barrier function in healthy adults, but higher doses showed benefits[Evidence: A][1]
- In people with inflammatory bowel disease, current research shows no significant benefit for disease activity or intestinal barrier function[Evidence: A][3]
If you have been dealing with digestive issues, you may have come across L-glutamine as a potential solution for gut health. It is common to feel overwhelmed when researching supplements, especially when claims range from "miracle cure" to "doesn't work." The truth, as with most things in health, lies somewhere in between.
L-Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in your body, and your intestinal cells use it as their primary fuel source. When your gut is under stress from illness, infection, or inflammation, your body may need more glutamine than it can produce on its own. This is why it is called a "conditionally essential" amino acid.
In this guide, you will learn what the research actually shows about L-glutamine for gut health, who is most likely to benefit, proper dosing based on clinical studies, and important safety considerations. Whether you are exploring L-glutamine for IBS, leaky gut, or general digestive support, this evidence-based guide will help you make an informed decision.
❓ Quick Answers
What is L-glutamine used for?
L-Glutamine is an amino acid that supports intestinal cell health and gut barrier function. It is used for digestive conditions like IBS, to help repair intestinal lining (leaky gut), and to support gut health during stress or illness. It is also FDA-approved for sickle cell disease complications[Evidence: B][4].
How does L-glutamine help gut health?
L-Glutamine fuels the cells lining your intestines (enterocytes) and supports tight junction proteins that seal gaps between cells. When glutamine levels drop, your gut barrier can become more permeable. Supplementation may help restore these protective proteins[Evidence: D][2].
What foods contain L-glutamine naturally?
L-Glutamine occurs naturally in protein-rich foods including beef, chicken, fish, eggs, dairy products, and bone broth. Plant sources include cabbage, spinach, beans, and fermented foods like miso. Most people get 3-6 grams daily from food, but therapeutic doses typically require supplementation.
Does L-glutamine help IBS?
In people with diarrhea-predominant IBS following an intestinal infection, L-glutamine helped reduce symptoms by about 80% compared to placebo. It reduced daily bowel movements from about 5 times to 3 times per day[Evidence: B][4].
How much L-glutamine should I take for gut health?
For IBS symptom management, studies used 5 grams three times daily (15g total) for 8 weeks. For general gut support, 5 grams daily is typical. Higher doses (over 30g daily) showed benefits for intestinal permeability but should only be used under medical supervision[Evidence: A][1].
Is L-glutamine safe? What about liver concerns?
L-Glutamine is generally well-tolerated in healthy adults at doses up to 30 grams daily. However, people with liver disease should avoid supplementation as the liver processes glutamine. Those with kidney disease, cancer, or taking seizure medications should consult their doctor first.
How long does L-glutamine take to work for gut healing?
In clinical studies, people with IBS saw improvement within 8 weeks of consistent use at 15 grams daily. Combined with a low FODMAP diet, about 88% achieved major symptom improvement in 6 weeks[Evidence: B][6]. Individual results vary based on condition severity.
When should I take L-glutamine, morning or night?
L-Glutamine is best absorbed on an empty stomach. Take it 30 minutes before meals or 2 hours after eating. For therapeutic doses (15g daily), split into three 5-gram doses: morning, midday, and before bed. Consistency matters more than timing.
L-Glutamine
Discover how the most abundant amino acid in the human body fuels your gut, brain, and muscles. From intestinal repair to immune strength, explore the science of recovery.
🔬 How Does L-Glutamine Work?
Your intestinal lining is like a security checkpoint. It needs to let nutrients through while keeping harmful substances out. The cells lining your gut (enterocytes) are the guards at this checkpoint, and L-glutamine is their primary fuel source. Without enough fuel, these guards cannot do their job properly.
Think of your gut barrier like a brick wall held together by mortar. The bricks are your intestinal cells, and the mortar is made of tight junction proteins (like claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1) that seal the gaps between cells. When glutamine runs low, the mortar weakens and gaps can appear, a condition sometimes called "leaky gut" or increased intestinal permeability[Evidence: D][2].
Laboratory studies show L-glutamine works through several mechanisms:
- Strengthening tight junctions: L-Glutamine increased protective tight junction proteins by 2 to 6 times normal levels in intestinal cells[Evidence: B][5]
- Improving barrier strength: Intestinal barrier strength improved by about 32% with glutamine treatment[Evidence: B][5]
- Restoring specific proteins: In people with IBS-D, glutamine helped restore claudin-1 expression, particularly in tissue with compromised barrier function[Evidence: C][8]
- Reducing oxidative stress: In animal studies, glutamine enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and lowered oxidative stress markers in intestinal tissue[Evidence: C][10]
- Protecting the mucus layer: Glutamine promotes the maturation of MUC2, a key protein in your intestinal mucus barrier[Evidence: C][11]
- Supporting intestinal regeneration: L-Glutamine may improve intestinal stem cell growth and accelerate healing of damaged intestinal lining[Evidence: C][12]
Early research also suggests L-glutamine may influence gut bacteria balance by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes bacteria and by protecting intestinal immunity through its effects on microbial metabolites[Evidence: D][9][Evidence: C][13].
It is important to understand that while these mechanisms are well-established in laboratory and animal studies, human clinical trials show more mixed results. The translation from cellular effects to measurable clinical improvement depends on the person's specific condition, dosage, and duration of use.
🧪 What to Expect: The Real User Experience
Sensory Profile
L-Glutamine powder has a neutral to slightly bitter taste with subtle salty undertones. High-quality brands are nearly flavorless, while lower-quality products can taste chalky or metallic. Fresh powder has no noticeable scent, though oxidized product may smell slightly sour. The texture is fine and crystalline, dissolving easily in cold or room temperature liquids without leaving a gritty residue.
Common User Experiences
Many people notice a slight bitter taste when taking L-glutamine powder alone in water, reported by about 30% of users. Chalky texture can occur if the powder is not fully dissolved, often depending on product quality. It is common to experience very mild nausea if taken on a completely empty stomach, reported by 10-15% of users. One major friction point with capsules is the large size, as some brands require 5-10 capsules for a therapeutic dose. These experiences are normal and do not indicate quality issues.
Practical Usage Tips
- To mask the taste: Mix powder with cold juice, smoothies, or flavored beverages rather than plain water
- To prevent clumping: Stir thoroughly or use a shaker bottle. Heat degrades glutamine, so avoid hot liquids
- To reduce nausea: Take 30+ minutes before meals rather than on a completely empty stomach
- For high doses: Start with 5g to assess tolerance before increasing to 10-15g
- For freshness: Store in a cool, dark place and reseal the container immediately to prevent moisture absorption
- For capsule users: Take with a full glass of water to ease swallowing multiple pills
Form Preferences
About 60-65% of users prefer powder for cost-effectiveness and flexible dosing. Powder is strongly preferred for therapeutic gut health doses (15+ grams) due to the impracticality of swallowing 10+ capsules. The remaining 35-40% prefer capsules for convenience and travel despite higher cost.
📊 Dosage and How to Use L-Glutamine
Dosage varies significantly based on your health goal. The table below summarizes dosages used in clinical research:
| Purpose/Condition | Dosage | Duration | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Postinfectious IBS symptom reduction | 5g three times daily (15g total) | 8 weeks | [B][4] |
| IBS with low FODMAP diet | 15g daily | 6 weeks | [B][6] |
| Intestinal permeability (high dose) | 30g+ daily | Less than 2 weeks | [A][1] |
| Exercise-induced gut stress (low dose) | 0.25-0.5 g/kg body weight | Single pre-exercise dose | [B][7] |
| Exercise-induced gut stress (high dose) | 0.9 g/kg body weight | Single pre-exercise dose | [B][7] |
| General gut maintenance | 5g daily | Ongoing | Clinical practice* |
*General maintenance dose based on clinical practice, not specific trial data.
Timing and Administration
For optimal absorption, take L-glutamine on an empty stomach. This means 30+ minutes before meals or 2+ hours after eating. If taking therapeutic doses (15g daily), split into three 5-gram doses: morning (upon waking), midday, and evening (before bed).
Mix powder with cold or room temperature liquids. Avoid hot beverages as heat can degrade glutamine. Dissolve completely before drinking to prevent any chalky texture.
Important Considerations
Always talk to your healthcare provider before starting L-glutamine supplementation, especially if you take prescription medications or have underlying health conditions. The dosages above reflect research protocols and may need adjustment for your individual situation.
⚠️ Risks, Side Effects, and Warnings
⚠️ Important Safety Information
- Liver disease: Avoid L-glutamine if you have cirrhosis or advanced liver disease. The liver processes glutamine, and supplementation may worsen hepatic encephalopathy.
- Cancer: Cancer cells use glutamine for growth. Consult your oncologist before supplementation if you have cancer or are in remission.
- Kidney disease: Those with impaired kidney function should use caution and consult their doctor before use.
- Seizure medications: L-glutamine may interact with anticonvulsants. Discuss with your prescribing physician.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Insufficient safety data exists. Consult your healthcare provider before use.
Side Effects by Frequency
L-Glutamine is generally well-tolerated at doses up to 30 grams daily in healthy adults. Reported side effects include:
- Common: Mild nausea (especially on empty stomach), bloating, gas
- Uncommon: Headache, dizziness, skin rash
- Rare: Allergic reactions, changes in bowel habits
Note: Specific frequency percentages require additional clinical research. Consult healthcare provider if adverse reactions occur.
Drug Interactions
Potential interactions have not been fully characterized in controlled studies. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications before use. Known considerations include:
- Anticonvulsants: May affect glutamate/glutamine balance in the brain
- Chemotherapy drugs: Theoretical interaction with cancer metabolism
- Lactulose: Used for hepatic encephalopathy, may interact
When to See a Doctor
Stop use and seek medical attention if you experience:
- Severe abdominal pain or cramping
- Signs of liver problems: yellowing of skin/eyes, dark urine, unusual fatigue
- Allergic reaction: hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face/throat
- Worsening symptoms after 4 weeks of consistent use
- Confusion or mental status changes (especially if you have liver conditions)
It is common to worry about supplement safety. The good news is that L-glutamine has a strong safety profile in healthy adults when used as directed. Most people tolerate it well, but it is always wise to start with a lower dose and increase gradually.
🥗 Practical Ways to Use L-Glutamine
How to Use This in Your Daily Life
Scenario 1: IBS Symptom Management
- Dose: 5 grams three times daily (15g total)[4]
- Duration: 8 weeks[4]
- Population: Adults with postinfectious IBS-D
- Timing: 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch, and dinner
- What to track: Daily bowel frequency, stool consistency, abdominal discomfort
- Expected results: Reduction in bowel frequency from about 5 to 3 times daily[4]
Scenario 2: Combined with Low FODMAP Diet
- Dose: 15g daily[6]
- Duration: 6 weeks[6]
- Population: Adults with IBS following low FODMAP diet
- Timing: With meals or split throughout day
- What to track: IBS symptom severity, bowel habit satisfaction
- Expected results: About 58% reduction in IBS severity scores; 88% achieve major improvement[6]
Practical Integration
Take your morning dose mixed in water or juice upon waking, at least 30 minutes before breakfast. For powder, stir thoroughly or use a shaker bottle to prevent clumping. Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and reseal immediately after use.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Taking with hot beverages: Heat degrades glutamine. Always use cold or room temperature liquids.
- Inconsistent dosing: Studies used daily dosing for 6-8 weeks[4][6]. Sporadic use may not achieve benefits.
- Expecting immediate results: Clinical improvement typically takes 4-8 weeks of consistent use.
- Ignoring underlying causes: L-glutamine supports gut health but does not address root causes like food sensitivities, infections, or chronic stress.
What to Look for When Choosing L-Glutamine
Not all L-glutamine supplements are created equal. Here is what matters when selecting a quality product:
Quality Markers
- Third-party testing: Look for USP, NSF, or ConsumerLab certification Why it matters: Verifies ingredient accuracy, purity, and absence of contaminants
- Form: L-Glutamine (free form amino acid) or Alanyl-Glutamine (dipeptide form) Why it matters: Free form is most studied for gut health. Alanyl-glutamine may have different absorption characteristics
- Dosage match: Product should allow easy dosing of 5-15g daily as used in clinical studies[4][6] Why it matters: Under-dosing is a common reason supplements "don't work"
- Minimal additives: Avoid products with unnecessary fillers, artificial colors, or common allergens Why it matters: Reduces risk of adverse reactions and ensures you get what you pay for
- Powder for therapeutic doses: Capsules are convenient but impractical for 15g daily doses Why it matters: You would need 15-30 capsules daily at typical capsule sizes
Red Flags to Avoid
- Proprietary blends: Cannot verify actual glutamine content
- Unrealistic claims: "Cures leaky gut," "miracle healing," or "guaranteed results"
- No batch testing: Quality varies without independent verification
- Suspiciously cheap: Quality L-glutamine costs more to produce. Extremely low prices may signal poor sourcing or contamination
- Added stimulants: Some products add caffeine or other stimulants. Pure L-glutamine should be the only active ingredient
Where to Buy
- Best: Pharmacies with licensed pharmacists (CVS, Walgreens), reputable health food stores, established supplement brands
- Caution: Online marketplaces (Amazon, eBay). Verify seller authenticity, check for tamper seals, read reviews for quality concerns
- Avoid: Unregulated websites, pop-up ads, multi-level marketing products with unverified claims
How L-Glutamine Compares to Collagen: What to Know
L-Glutamine and collagen both support gut health, but they work through different biological pathways. L-Glutamine is an amino acid that fuels intestinal cells and strengthens barrier proteins. Collagen provides structural building blocks for connective tissue throughout your body, including the gut lining. They are complementary, not competing, approaches.
| Feature | L-Glutamine | Collagen |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Fuels intestinal cells (enterocytes), supports tight junction proteins[B][5] | Provides glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline for connective tissue repair |
| Best For | IBS symptoms, intestinal permeability, gut barrier repair[B][4] | Structural gut lining support, joint and skin health (additional benefits) |
| Evidence for Gut Health | Multiple RCTs for IBS[B][4][6] | Limited gut-specific studies. Most collagen research focuses on skin and joints |
| Typical Dosage | 5-15g daily for gut health[4][6] | 10-20g daily (general use) |
| Form | Powder (preferred) or capsules | Powder, capsules, or liquid |
| Taste | Neutral to slightly bitter | Generally flavorless (hydrolyzed types) |
| Can They Be Combined? | Yes. They work through different mechanisms and may have complementary effects for gut health | |
Important: This information is for educational purposes. Neither L-glutamine nor collagen is a substitute for medical treatment. Consult your healthcare provider before starting supplements, especially if you have digestive conditions requiring medical management.
What The Evidence Shows (And Doesn't Show)
What Research Suggests
- In people with IBS following intestinal infection, L-glutamine (15g daily for 8 weeks) helped about 80% achieve major symptom improvement compared to 6% with placebo[Evidence: B][4]
- Combined with a low FODMAP diet, L-glutamine produced 58% reduction in IBS severity scores, with 88% achieving major improvement[Evidence: B][6]
- Laboratory studies consistently show L-glutamine increases tight junction proteins and improves barrier function (1.8-6 fold increase in protective proteins)[Evidence: B][5]
- High-dose glutamine (30g+ daily) for short periods reduced intestinal permeability markers in meta-analysis[Evidence: A][1]
- Evidence is strongest for postinfectious IBS-D and exercise-induced gut stress
What's NOT Yet Proven
- Standard doses in healthy adults: Meta-analysis found no significant effect on intestinal permeability at doses under 30g daily[1]
- Inflammatory bowel disease: No benefit demonstrated for Crohn's or ulcerative colitis despite multiple trials[3]
- Long-term safety: Studies reviewed were 8 weeks or less. Safety beyond 3 months has limited data
- Optimal dosage: Studies used 5g to 30g+ daily with varying results. Dose-response not clearly established
- General "leaky gut": Most positive trials were in specific populations (postinfectious IBS, athletes), not general intestinal permeability
Where Caution Is Needed
- Liver disease: Contraindicated in cirrhosis or hepatic encephalopathy. The liver processes glutamine[2]
- Cancer: Cancer cells use glutamine. Consult oncologist before use
- Mixed evidence quality: Strong mechanistic data (Level B/C) but limited high-quality human trials (only 2 Level A sources)
- IBD patients: Research consistently shows no benefit. May waste money and delay effective treatment[3]
Should YOU Try This?
Best suited for: Adults with IBS (especially postinfectious IBS-D), athletes experiencing exercise-induced gut stress, or those with confirmed increased intestinal permeability who do not have contraindications.
Not recommended for: People with liver disease, active cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or pregnancy/breastfeeding without medical supervision.
Realistic timeline: 6-8 weeks of consistent use at therapeutic doses (15g daily) based on clinical trial protocols[4][6].
When to consult a professional: Before starting if you have any health conditions, take medications, or are pregnant/nursing. Also consult if symptoms do not improve after 8 weeks of consistent use.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is L-glutamine safe for kids?
L-Glutamine is FDA-approved for children ages 5 and older with sickle cell disease at specific doses (typically 0.7g/kg body weight, not exceeding 30g daily). For general gut health use in children, safety data is limited. If considering L-glutamine for a child's digestive issues, consult a pediatrician or pediatric gastroenterologist before use. They can determine if supplementation is appropriate and recommend age-appropriate dosing based on your child's specific condition.
Should I take L-glutamine every day?
For therapeutic gut support, daily use for 6-8 weeks is typical based on clinical studies . Consistency is key, as sporadic use may not produce the benefits seen in research. For maintenance after initial improvement, some practitioners recommend cycling (3 months on, 1 month off), though this approach lacks formal clinical study. Talk to your healthcare provider about appropriate duration based on your specific condition.
Can I take L-glutamine with probiotics?
Yes, L-glutamine and probiotics work through different mechanisms and can be taken together. L-Glutamine supports gut barrier function while probiotics support beneficial bacterial balance. Some research suggests glutamine may positively influence the gut microbiome environment . Take them at different times of day if desired, though no specific interaction concerns have been identified. This combination is commonly used in integrative gut health protocols.
L-glutamine powder or capsules - which is better absorbed?
Both forms contain the same amino acid and are well-absorbed. The primary differences are practical: Powder allows flexible, accurate dosing and is more cost-effective, especially for therapeutic doses (15g daily would require 15-30 capsules). Capsules offer convenience for travel and consistent dosing. For gut health specifically, powder may be preferred because therapeutic doses (5-15g) are impractical with capsules. If taste is a concern, capsules avoid the slightly bitter flavor some notice with powder.
Is L-glutamine safe during pregnancy?
Insufficient clinical safety data exists for L-glutamine supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding. While glutamine is a naturally occurring amino acid in food and your body, therapeutic supplementation doses have not been studied in pregnant women. The general recommendation is to avoid supplementation during pregnancy unless specifically advised by your obstetrician or midwife. Focus on getting glutamine from food sources like lean meats, fish, eggs, and dairy during this time.
Does L-glutamine cure leaky gut?
L-Glutamine supports gut barrier repair but is not a 'cure' for leaky gut. Research shows it can strengthen tight junction proteins and improve barrier function , but healing intestinal permeability requires addressing root causes such as food sensitivities, chronic stress, infections, medications, and inflammation. L-Glutamine is best viewed as one supportive tool in a comprehensive gut healing protocol, not a standalone solution. Work with a healthcare provider to identify and address underlying factors.
Can L-glutamine help with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis?
Current research shows L-glutamine has no significant effect on disease activity, intestinal barrier function, or biochemical markers in people with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's or ulcerative colitis) . A systematic review of 7 clinical trials found no benefit for IBD patients regardless of how glutamine was administered. If you have IBD, work with your gastroenterologist on evidence-based treatments. L-Glutamine supplementation is unlikely to help and should not replace prescribed medications.
Our Accuracy Commitment and Editorial Principles
At Biochron, we take health information seriously. Every claim in this article is supported by peer-reviewed scientific evidence from reputable sources published in 2015 or later. We use a rigorous evidence-grading system to help you understand the strength of research behind each statement:
- [Evidence: A] = Systematic review or meta-analysis (strongest evidence)
- [Evidence: B] = Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- [Evidence: C] = Cohort or case-control study
- [Evidence: D] = Expert opinion or clinical guideline
Our editorial team follows strict guidelines: we never exaggerate health claims, we clearly distinguish between correlation and causation, we update content regularly as new research emerges, and we transparently note when evidence is limited or conflicting. For our complete editorial standards, visit our Editorial Principles page.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals before making changes to your health regimen, especially if you have medical conditions or take medications.
References
- 1 . A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on the effects of glutamine supplementation on gut permeability in adults, Amino acids, 2024, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: A]
- 2 . Glutamine and the regulation of intestinal permeability: from bench to bedside, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 2017, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: D]
- 3 . Effects of glutamine supplementation on inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of clinical trials, Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2021, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: A]
- 4 . Randomised placebo-controlled trial of dietary glutamine supplements for postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome, Gut, 2019, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 5 . L-Glutamine Enhances Tight Junction Integrity by Activating CaMK Kinase 2-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells, The Journal of nutrition, 2016, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 6 . Glutamine Supplementation Enhances the Effects of a Low FODMAP Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Management, Frontiers in nutrition, 2021, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 7 . Glutamine supplementation reduces markers of intestinal permeability during running in the heat in a dose-dependent manner, European journal of applied physiology, 2017, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 8 . Glutamine Restores Tight Junction Protein Claudin-1 Expression in Colonic Mucosa of Patients With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome, JPEN Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2016, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: C]
- 9 . The Role of Glutamine in the Complex Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Health: A Narrative Review, International journal of molecular sciences, 2019, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: D]
- 10 . Glutamine relieves oxidative stress through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice, Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 2020, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: C]
- 11 . Glutamine promotes O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD and inhibits AGR2 S-glutathionylation to maintain the intestinal mucus barrier in burned septic mice, Redox biology, 2023, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: C]
- 12 . Potential Effect of Glutamine in the Improvement of Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation and the Alleviation of Burn-Induced Intestinal Injury via Activating YAP: A Preliminary Study, Nutrients, 2023, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: C]
- 13 . Glutamine protects intestinal immunity through microbial metabolites rather than microbiota, International immunopharmacology, 2023, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: C]
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. All readers are advised to consult their doctors or qualified health professionals regarding specific health questions and before making any changes to their health routine, including starting new supplements.
Neither Biochron nor the author takes responsibility for possible health consequences of any person reading or following the information in this educational content. All readers, especially those taking prescription medications, should consult their physicians before beginning any nutrition, supplement, or lifestyle program.
If you have a medical emergency, call your doctor or emergency services immediately.
