💡 What You Need to Know Right Away
Gut health is the balance of trillions of microorganisms in your digestive system that houses 70-80% of your immune cells, regulates inflammation, and protects against infections.
Also known as: Gut-immune axis, Microbiota-immune connection, Intestinal immunity
- Research shows 70-80% of your body's immune cells reside in your gut, where bacteria help regulate immune responses[Evidence: B][1]
- Short-chain fatty acids from fiber digestion help regulate inflammation throughout your body, including your gut, liver, lungs, and brain[Evidence: A][3]
- Probiotics help reduce the frequency and duration of colds and flu, and may reduce the need for antibiotics[Evidence: A][5]
- Eating 6 servings of fermented foods daily increases gut bacteria diversity and reduces inflammation markers after about 4 months[Evidence: B][6]
If you've been getting sick more often than usual, feeling run down, or struggling with digestive issues that won't go away, you're not alone. Many people are surprised to learn that the answer to better immunity might lie in an unexpected place: your gut.
It's common to feel overwhelmed when first learning about the gut-immune connection. The good news is that current research provides clear, actionable guidance on how to support both your digestive health and your immune system at the same time[Evidence: B][1].
In this guide, you'll learn exactly how your gut bacteria protect you from illness, which foods and supplements are backed by research, and practical steps you can start today. Whether you're looking to prevent frequent colds, manage an autoimmune condition, or simply feel better, understanding the gut-immune axis is your first step.
❓ Quick Answers
What is the gut-immune connection?
The gut-immune connection refers to the relationship between your digestive system and your immune system. About 70-80% of your immune cells reside in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), where trillions of bacteria help train and regulate immune responses[Evidence: B][1]. This makes your gut the largest immune organ in your body.
How does gut health affect the immune system?
Gut bacteria support immunity in three main ways: producing anti-inflammatory compounds called short-chain fatty acids[Evidence: A][3], maintaining the intestinal barrier that keeps harmful substances out of your bloodstream[Evidence: B][2], and training immune cells to recognize threats while tolerating beneficial bacteria[Evidence: B][10].
What are the benefits of good gut health for immunity?
Good gut health helps reduce respiratory infection frequency and duration[Evidence: A][5], lowers inflammation throughout the body[Evidence: B][6], and supports immune balance that may help prevent autoimmune conditions[Evidence: B][4]. A diverse microbiome is associated with stronger overall immune function.
How much fiber and probiotics should I take for gut health?
Research suggests 25-30 grams of fiber daily to support adequate short-chain fatty acid production[Evidence: B][8]. For probiotics, studies showing immune benefits used approximately 10 billion CFU daily for 12 weeks[Evidence: A][5]. Alternatively, 6 servings of fermented foods daily showed benefits after 17 weeks[Evidence: B][6].
Should I take probiotics for immune health?
Probiotics may help if you experience frequent respiratory infections or want to support general immunity. Research shows they reduce cold and flu incidence and duration[Evidence: A][5]. However, not everyone needs supplements. Many people benefit from dietary sources like yogurt, kefir, and fermented vegetables. Talk to your doctor before starting, especially if you have immune-compromising conditions.
What percentage of the immune system is in the gut?
Approximately 70-80% of the body's immune cells are located in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)[Evidence: B][1]. This tissue lines your intestines and includes Peyer's patches, specialized immune structures that monitor for pathogens while allowing beneficial bacteria and nutrients to pass through.
What are signs of unhealthy gut affecting immunity?
Signs that gut health may be affecting your immunity include frequent colds or infections, slow wound healing, chronic fatigue, persistent digestive issues (bloating, constipation, diarrhea), food sensitivities, skin problems like eczema, and autoimmune flare-ups[Evidence: B][4]. If you experience multiple symptoms, consult a healthcare provider.
Gut Health & Immunity
Did you know that up to 80% of your immune system lives in your digestive tract? Discover how your gut microbiome acts as the primary trainer for your body's defenses.
🔬 How Gut Bacteria Support Your Immune System
Think of your gut as a bustling factory with trillions of microscopic workers. These bacterial workers don't just help digest your food. They produce essential compounds that regulate your entire immune system[Evidence: A][3].
The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Connection
When you eat fiber-rich foods, your gut bacteria ferment these fibers and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, propionate, and acetate. These SCFAs are powerhouse immune regulators. Butyrate, in particular, inhibits enzymes called histone deacetylases (HDACs), which produces strong anti-inflammatory effects[Evidence: A][3].
What makes this remarkable is that the effects extend far beyond your gut. Intestinal SCFAs travel through your bloodstream and affect immunity in your liver, lungs, and even your brain[Evidence: A][3]. This explains why gut health influences conditions throughout your entire body.
The Intestinal Barrier: Your First Line of Defense
Your intestinal lining acts like a security guard at a building entrance. It must let in beneficial nutrients while keeping out harmful bacteria, toxins, and undigested food particles[Evidence: B][2].
When this barrier becomes damaged, often called "increased intestinal permeability" or "leaky gut," harmful substances can enter your bloodstream. This triggers immune responses that cause systemic inflammation[Evidence: C][7]. Research suggests this may contribute to autoimmune conditions, though more studies are needed[Evidence: B][9].
Training Your Immune Cells
Specific beneficial bacteria actively train your immune system. Studies show that Bacteroides fragilis activates regulatory T cells (Tregs), which prevent your immune system from overreacting[Evidence: B][10]. Bifidobacterium species help balance different types of immune responses, promoting tolerance rather than inflammation[Evidence: B][10].
Without adequate fiber, your gut bacteria cannot produce sufficient SCFAs, which compromises both barrier integrity and immune cell regulation[Evidence: B][8].
📊 How Much Do You Need? Dosage Guidelines
Research provides specific guidance on how to support your gut-immune connection through diet and supplements. The following table summarizes evidence-backed dosages from clinical studies.
| Intervention | Dosage | Duration | Expected Benefit | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probiotics (for immune support) | ~10 billion CFU daily | 12 weeks | Reduced respiratory infection frequency and duration | [Evidence: A][5] |
| Fermented foods | 6 servings daily | 17 weeks | Increased microbiome diversity, decreased inflammatory markers | [Evidence: B][6] |
| Dietary fiber | 25-30 grams daily | Ongoing | Adequate SCFA production, gut epithelial integrity, immune modulation | [Evidence: B][8] |
| Prebiotics/Synbiotics | Per product label | 8-12 weeks | Reduced respiratory tract infection incidence | [Evidence: A][11] |
Practical Dosage Notes
- Probiotics: Take with food to improve survival through stomach acid. Look for products with multiple strains including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species.
- Fermented foods: One serving equals approximately 1/2 cup of yogurt, 1/4 cup of sauerkraut, or 1 cup of kefir. Variety matters. Rotate between different fermented foods.
- Fiber: Increase gradually (5g per week) to minimize bloating. Spread intake throughout the day. Include both soluble and insoluble fiber sources.
Note: Individual needs vary. These dosages reflect what was used in clinical research. Consult your healthcare provider to determine what's appropriate for your situation.
⚠️ Risks, Side Effects, and Safety Information
Probiotics and fermented foods are generally well-tolerated by most adults. However, understanding potential risks ensures you make informed decisions about your gut health regimen.
⚠️ Important Safety Information
- Immunocompromised individuals: Those with weakened immune systems, including cancer patients, organ transplant recipients, and people with HIV/AIDS, should consult a doctor before taking probiotics, as live bacteria may pose infection risks.
- Critical illness: Probiotics are not recommended for critically ill patients in intensive care settings without medical supervision.
- Short bowel syndrome: People with this condition may have increased risk of bacterial overgrowth from probiotic supplementation.
- Central venous catheters: Live probiotics require caution in patients with central lines due to potential infection risk.
Common Side Effects
When starting probiotics or increasing fiber intake, temporary digestive discomfort is normal:
- Gas and bloating: Usually resolves within 1-2 weeks as your gut adjusts
- Changes in bowel habits: Temporary constipation or loose stools may occur
- Mild cramping: Especially when increasing fiber too quickly
Drug Interactions
- Immunosuppressants: Probiotics may interact with medications that suppress the immune system. Consult your doctor if you take azathioprine, cyclosporine, or similar medications.
- Antibiotics: Take probiotics 2-3 hours apart from antibiotics to prevent the antibiotic from killing beneficial bacteria.
When Gut Issues Require Medical Attention
Research links gut barrier dysfunction to various conditions[Evidence: B][9]. See a healthcare provider if you experience:
- Persistent digestive symptoms lasting more than 4 weeks
- Unexplained weight loss
- Blood in stool
- Severe abdominal pain
- Symptoms suggesting autoimmune conditions (joint pain, skin rashes, chronic fatigue)
- Frequent infections that don't respond to typical treatment
It's normal to feel uncertain about gut health symptoms. Many symptoms overlap between conditions. A healthcare provider can help determine if underlying issues need addressing.
🥗 Practical Ways to Support Gut-Immune Health
How to Use This in Your Daily Life
Protocol 1: Fermented Food Focus (Diet-Based Approach)
- Daily target: 6 servings of fermented foods[6]
- Duration: 17 weeks minimum for measurable immune marker changes
- Food examples: Yogurt with live cultures, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, miso, kombucha, tempeh
- What to track: Digestive comfort, energy levels, frequency of illness
- Expected results: Increased microbiome diversity and decreased inflammatory markers[Evidence: B][6]
Protocol 2: Fiber Optimization
- Daily target: 25-30 grams of dietary fiber[8]
- Duration: Ongoing (lifestyle change)
- Food examples: Vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds
- Timing: Spread fiber intake across meals to optimize SCFA production
- Expected results: Better gut epithelial integrity, increased Treg numbers, decreased inflammatory cytokines[Evidence: B][8]
Protocol 3: Probiotic Supplementation
- Daily target: Approximately 10 billion CFU[5]
- Duration: 12 weeks for immune benefits
- Timing: Take with food
- What to track: Respiratory infection frequency and duration
- Expected results: Reduced URTI incidence, duration, and antibiotic use[Evidence: A][5]
Practical Integration Tips
- Morning routine: Start with kefir or yogurt for breakfast (1-2 servings fermented foods + protein)
- Lunch: Add sauerkraut or kimchi as a side dish (1 serving)
- Dinner: Include miso soup or tempeh (1-2 servings)
- Throughout the day: Kombucha as a beverage replacement (1-2 servings)
Storage and Quality
- Refrigerate probiotic supplements as directed on the label. Heat degrades live cultures.
- For fermented foods, check that labels say "live cultures" or "raw." Pasteurized versions lack beneficial bacteria.
- Buy fermented foods from the refrigerated section, not shelf-stable versions.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Increasing fiber too fast: This causes bloating and gas. Increase by 5 grams per week maximum.
- Inconsistent use: Studies showing benefits used daily dosing[5]. Sporadic use may not achieve benefits.
- Choosing the wrong products: Heat-treated or pasteurized fermented foods lack live cultures. Check labels carefully.
- Taking probiotics with hot drinks: Heat kills beneficial bacteria. Take with room temperature or cool foods/beverages.
What to Look for When Choosing Probiotics and Supplements
Not all gut health products are created equal. Here's what matters when selecting quality probiotics and related supplements:
Quality Markers
- Third-party testing: Look for USP, NSF, or ConsumerLab certification Why it matters: Verifies ingredient accuracy, potency, and purity
- CFU count at expiration: Choose products that guarantee CFU count "at time of expiration," not "at time of manufacture" Why it matters: Probiotic viability decreases over time. Expiration guarantee ensures you get what you pay for
- Strain specificity: Labels should list specific strains (e.g., Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG), not just species names[5] Why it matters: Different strains have different effects. Strain-level identification indicates quality manufacturing
- Research-backed strains: Look for strains with clinical studies, such as L. rhamnosus GG for respiratory health[5] Why it matters: Not all probiotic strains have the same benefits. Research-backed strains have proven effects
- Proper storage requirements: Products requiring refrigeration often contain more viable bacteria Why it matters: Shelf-stable products use additional processing that may reduce bacterial viability
Questions to Ask
- What specific strains does this product contain?
- What is the CFU count at expiration (not manufacture)?
- Is this product third-party tested?
- What clinical research supports these strains for my specific concern?
- How should I store this product?
Red Flags to Avoid
- Proprietary blends: Cannot verify individual strain amounts or total CFU
- Unrealistic claims: "Cure," "miracle," or "guaranteed immunity" language
- No strain identification: Products listing only genus/species (Lactobacillus acidophilus) without strain designation
- Extremely high CFU claims without verification: "100 billion CFU" means nothing without third-party testing
- Shelf-stable at suspiciously low prices: Quality probiotics require careful manufacturing and storage
Where to Buy
- Best: Pharmacies with licensed pharmacists (CVS, Walgreens), reputable health food stores (Whole Foods, Natural Grocers), direct from manufacturer websites
- Caution: Online marketplaces (Amazon, eBay). Verify seller authenticity, check for tamper seals, confirm storage conditions
- Avoid: Unregulated websites, pop-up advertisements, multi-level marketing schemes with unverified quality claims
Probiotics vs Prebiotics for Immunity: What's the Difference?
Probiotics and prebiotics work through different mechanisms to support gut-immune health. Understanding the distinction helps you choose the right approach for your needs.
| Feature | Probiotics | Prebiotics |
|---|---|---|
| What they are | Live beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium species) | Non-digestible fiber compounds that feed beneficial bacteria |
| How they work | Directly colonize gut, produce immune-modulating compounds, compete with pathogens[5] | Fermented by existing gut bacteria to produce SCFAs that regulate immunity[11] |
| Evidence for immunity | Reduces URTI incidence and duration[Evidence: A][5] | Reduces RTI incidence; enhances immune function[Evidence: A][11] |
| Food sources | Yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, miso, tempeh, kombucha | Garlic, onions, leeks, asparagus, bananas, oats, chicory root |
| Supplement forms | Capsules, powders, drinks (require refrigeration often) | Powders, capsules (shelf-stable) |
| Timeline for effects | Studies show immune benefits at 12 weeks[5] | Studies show effects at 8-12 weeks[11] |
| Best for | Those wanting to add beneficial bacteria directly; after antibiotics | Those wanting to support existing beneficial bacteria; fiber-focused approach |
Which Should You Choose?
Consider probiotics if: You've recently taken antibiotics, have a history of digestive infections, or want targeted immune support with specific researched strains.
Consider prebiotics if: You prefer a food-based approach, already have a healthy microbiome you want to support, or experience side effects from probiotics.
Consider both (synbiotics) if: You want comprehensive gut-immune support. Research shows synbiotic supplementation also reduces respiratory tract infection incidence[Evidence: A][11].
Important: Probiotics and prebiotics support immune health but are not substitutes for medical treatment. If you have an immune-compromising condition or take immunosuppressant medications, consult your healthcare provider before starting supplementation.
What The Evidence Shows (And Doesn't Show)
What Research Suggests
- 70-80% of immune cells reside in gut-associated lymphoid tissue, making the gut the body's largest immune organ[Evidence: B][1]
- Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from fiber fermentation regulate nearly every immune cell type, with effects extending beyond the gut to the liver, lungs, and brain[Evidence: A][3]
- Probiotic supplementation reduces upper respiratory tract infection incidence, duration, and antibiotic use in adults (based on meta-analysis of multiple RCTs)[Evidence: A][5]
- High-fermented-food diets (6 servings daily for 17 weeks) increase microbiome diversity and decrease inflammatory markers in healthy adults (Cell RCT)[Evidence: B][6]
- Prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation reduces respiratory tract infection incidence compared to placebo[Evidence: A][11]
What's NOT Yet Proven
- Optimal probiotic dosage not established: Studies used approximately 10 billion CFU daily, but the ideal dose for different populations remains unclear
- Long-term safety beyond 6 months unclear: Most clinical studies ran 12-17 weeks; longer-term data is limited
- Specific strain recommendations incomplete: While L. rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium species show promise, head-to-head comparisons are limited
- Populations not well-studied: Children, pregnant women, elderly adults, and those with immune-compromising conditions have less research available
- Causal mechanisms for autoimmune conditions: Research links gut dysfunction to autoimmune diseases, but whether improving gut health prevents or treats these conditions requires more study
Where Caution Is Needed
- Gut barrier dysfunction (leaky gut) is linked to autoimmune conditions[Evidence: B][9], but the term "leaky gut syndrome" is not a recognized medical diagnosis. Use "increased intestinal permeability" for accuracy
- Dysbiosis can drive systemic inflammation[Evidence: B][4], but correlation does not prove causation for all linked conditions
- Probiotic quality varies significantly between products. Lack of third-party testing means label claims may not reflect actual contents
- Immunocompromised individuals face different risk profiles. Probiotics may pose infection risk in severely immunocompromised patients
Should YOU Try This?
Best suited for: Generally healthy adults seeking to support immune function; those experiencing frequent respiratory infections; individuals interested in a food-based approach to immunity; those recovering from antibiotic treatment who want to restore gut bacteria.
Not recommended for: Critically ill patients; those with immune-compromising conditions (without medical supervision); individuals with central venous catheters; people allergic to probiotic sources (dairy for some yogurts, soy for tempeh).
Realistic timeline: Digestive improvements within 1-2 weeks; measurable inflammatory marker changes at 17 weeks with fermented food diet[Evidence: B][6]; reduced respiratory infections at 12 weeks with probiotics[Evidence: A][5]. Plan for 3-6 months of consistent effort for sustained immune benefits.
When to consult a professional: Before starting probiotics if you have an immune-compromising condition, take immunosuppressants, have a serious illness, or experience persistent digestive symptoms. Also consult if symptoms worsen rather than improve with gut health interventions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can gut health cause frequent infections?
Yes, poor gut health may contribute to frequent infections. Research shows that gut bacteria imbalance (dysbiosis) compromises immune function in several ways: reduced production of immune-regulating short-chain fatty acids , impaired intestinal barrier allowing pathogens access to the bloodstream , and diminished training of immune cells. If you experience more than 3-4 colds per year or infections that linger longer than expected, gut health may be a factor worth discussing with your healthcare provider.
What is the leaky gut immune system connection?
When the intestinal barrier becomes damaged (increased intestinal permeability), harmful substances like bacterial toxins (LPS) can leak into the bloodstream . This triggers immune responses and systemic inflammation. Research suggests this mechanism may contribute to autoimmune conditions including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease . A protein called zonulin appears to regulate this barrier function . More research is needed, but maintaining gut barrier integrity through diet and lifestyle appears protective.
How long does it take to improve gut health for immunity?
Timeline varies based on your starting point and intervention. Research provides some benchmarks: digestive improvements may occur within 1-2 weeks of dietary changes; measurable changes in inflammatory markers appear after about 17 weeks of high fermented food intake ; probiotic benefits for respiratory immunity show at 12 weeks . For sustained immune benefits, plan for 3-6 months of consistent dietary and lifestyle changes.
Which probiotic strains are best for immune health?
Research supports several specific strains: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) significantly reduces respiratory infection duration ; Bifidobacterium species help balance immune responses and activate regulatory T cells ; Bacteroides fragilis activates Treg cells that prevent autoimmune overreaction . Multi-strain products may offer broader benefits. Look for products listing specific strain designations, not just species names.
Does gut health affect autoimmune diseases?
Research increasingly links gut health to autoimmune conditions. Studies show that gut bacteria imbalance (dysbiosis) drives systemic inflammation by compromising the mucosal barrier, allowing harmful substances into circulation . This mechanism has been linked to rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and lupus . While gut health interventions are not replacements for medical treatment, they may be supportive alongside conventional care. Consult your healthcare provider about incorporating gut-supporting strategies.
What foods are best for gut health and immunity?
Foods supporting gut-immune health fall into three categories: (1) Fermented foods providing live beneficial bacteria: yogurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, miso, tempeh, kombucha ; (2) High-fiber foods that feed beneficial bacteria: vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds ; (3) Prebiotic-rich foods: garlic, onions, leeks, asparagus, bananas, oats. A diverse diet covering all three categories provides the best support for both gut bacteria and immune function.
Can stress affect gut health and immunity?
Yes, stress significantly impacts the gut-immune connection. Chronic stress increases cortisol, which can increase intestinal permeability (contributing to 'leaky gut') and alter gut bacteria composition. This creates a cycle where stress damages gut health, compromised gut health triggers inflammation, and inflammation affects brain function and stress response. Managing stress through sleep optimization, physical activity, and relaxation practices supports gut-immune health alongside dietary interventions.
Are gut health supplements safe long-term?
Current research on probiotic and prebiotic supplementation is generally limited to 12-17 weeks . Long-term safety data beyond 6 months remains limited. For most healthy adults, probiotics appear safe for extended use, though optimal duration is not established. Those with immune-compromising conditions, serious illness, or central venous catheters should use probiotics only under medical supervision. A food-first approach using fermented foods and fiber provides a safe long-term foundation that supplements can enhance as needed.
Our Accuracy Commitment and Editorial Principles
At Biochron, we take health information seriously. Every claim in this article is supported by peer-reviewed scientific evidence from reputable sources published in 2015 or later. We use a rigorous evidence-grading system to help you understand the strength of research behind each statement:
- [Evidence: A] = Systematic review or meta-analysis (strongest evidence)
- [Evidence: B] = Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- [Evidence: C] = Cohort or case-control study
- [Evidence: D] = Expert opinion or clinical guideline
Our editorial team follows strict guidelines: we never exaggerate health claims, we clearly distinguish between correlation and causation, we update content regularly as new research emerges, and we transparently note when evidence is limited or conflicting. For our complete editorial standards, visit our Editorial Principles page.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals before making changes to your health regimen, especially if you have medical conditions or take medications.
References
- 1 . The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout Life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies, Wiertsema SP et al., Nutrients, 2021, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 2 . Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions, Yoo JY et al., Microorganisms, 2020, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 3 . Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity, Mann ER et al., Nature Reviews Immunology, 2024, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: A]
- 4 . Microbial dysbiosis in the gut drives systemic autoimmune diseases, Mousa WK et al., Frontiers in Immunology, 2022, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 5 . Probiotics for Preventing Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Li L et al., Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative medicine, 2020, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: A]
- 6 . Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status, Wastyk HC et al., Cell, 2021, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 7 . Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review, Di Vincenzo F et al., Internal and Emergency Medicine, 2024, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: C]
- 8 . Dietary fiber and SCFAs in the regulation of mucosal immunity, Tan JK et al., Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2023, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 9 . Partners in Leaky Gut Syndrome: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity, Kinashi Y, Hase K, Frontiers in Immunology, 2021, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 10 . The role of gut microbiota in T cell immunity and immune mediated disorders, Shim JA et al., International Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 11 . The Effects of Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Respiratory Tract Infections and Immune Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Williams LM et al., Advances in Nutrition, 2022, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: A]
- 12 . All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases, Fasano A, F1000Research, 2020, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: C]
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. All readers are advised to consult their doctors or qualified health professionals regarding specific health questions and before making any changes to their health routine, including starting new supplements.
Neither Biochron nor the author takes responsibility for possible health consequences of any person reading or following the information in this educational content. All readers, especially those taking prescription medications, should consult their physicians before beginning any nutrition, supplement, or lifestyle program.
If you have a medical emergency, call your doctor or emergency services immediately.
