💡 What You Need to Know Right Away
Intermittent fasting for women is a timed eating pattern that cycles between periods of eating and fasting to support weight management, improve insulin sensitivity, and promote metabolic flexibility. Women may need to approach fasting differently than men due to hormonal considerations.
Also known as: Time-restricted eating, TRE, intermittent energy restriction, periodic fasting
- In women with overweight or obesity, time-restricted eating helped reduce body weight by about 2 kg and lowered fasting insulin[Evidence: A][4]
- In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), time-restricted fasting helped normalize menstrual cycles for about one-third of participants[Evidence: A][5]
- Time-restricted eating does not appear to affect sex hormones in women over 12 months of use[Evidence: B][11]
- The weight loss benefits of fasting work equally well for women before and after menopause[Evidence: B][10]
If you have been wondering whether intermittent fasting is safe and effective for women, you are not alone. Many women feel uncertain about how fasting might affect their hormones, energy levels, and menstrual cycles. This concern makes sense. Women's bodies respond differently to calorie changes than men's bodies do.
The good news is that research now provides clearer guidance. Multiple meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials have specifically studied fasting in women. These studies show that time-restricted eating can support weight loss and metabolic health when done correctly[Evidence: A][2]. This guide covers what the evidence actually shows about fasting for women, including benefits, safety considerations, and practical protocols tailored to female physiology.
❓ Quick Answers
What is intermittent fasting for women?
Intermittent fasting for women is a timed eating approach that alternates between periods of eating and not eating. Common methods include the 16:8 pattern (eating within an 8-hour window) or alternate day fasting. Research shows women may benefit from gentler protocols like 14:10 or 12:12 to protect hormonal balance[Evidence: A][3].
How does fasting work for women?
Fasting triggers metabolic switching, where your body shifts from using glucose to burning stored fat for energy. This process improves insulin sensitivity and activates cellular cleanup (autophagy). In women, these benefits must be balanced with hormonal sensitivity, as the female body can interpret prolonged fasting as a stress signal[Evidence: A][2].
What are the benefits of fasting for women?
Research shows time-restricted fasting helped reduce body weight by about 1.8-4 kg in women with overweight or obesity[Evidence: A][6]. Additional benefits include improved fasting insulin levels, reduced waist circumference by about 1 cm[Evidence: A][2], and preserved lean muscle mass[Evidence: A][4].
How long should a woman fast?
Studies used eating windows ranging from 4-10 hours daily. For beginners, a 10-hour eating window (14:10 protocol) is often recommended[Evidence: B][12]. More experienced fasters may use 8-hour windows (16:8). Research suggests 18-20 hour fasts produced about 3.3% weight loss in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women over 8 weeks[Evidence: B][10].
Is fasting safe for women?
Intermittent fasting appears safe for most women when done correctly. Studies show sex hormones remained stable after 12 months of time-restricted eating[Evidence: B][11]. Fasting did not adversely alter eating behaviors, mood, sleep quality, or cognitive performance compared to regular calorie cutting[Evidence: B][14]. Mild headaches are the most common side effect[Evidence: A][7].
Can fasting affect your period?
In women with PCOS, fasting may actually help normalize menstrual cycles. Research shows 33-40% of PCOS participants reported normalized menstrual cycles with time-restricted fasting[Evidence: A][5]. However, in women without PCOS who are already lean, excessive fasting could potentially disrupt cycles. Monitor your period and reduce fasting intensity if changes occur.
Should women fast differently than men?
Research suggests the weight loss and metabolic benefits of fasting do not generally vary according to sex or menopausal status[Evidence: B][13]. However, women may want to start with shorter fasting windows (12-14 hours) and monitor for hormonal symptoms. Both premenopausal and postmenopausal women experienced similar weight loss of about 3.3% with time-restricted fasting[Evidence: B][10].
Intermittent Fasting for Women
Women's bodies respond differently to fasting compared to men. Discover how to harness the metabolic benefits while protecting your hormonal health and energy levels.
🔬 How Does Fasting Work for Women?
When you fast, your body undergoes a metabolic shift. Think of your body like a hybrid car with two fuel tanks. One tank holds glucose (from the food you eat), and the other holds fat (your stored energy reserves). Normally, your body runs on the glucose tank first. When you fast for 12-16 hours, the glucose tank empties, and your body switches to burning fat for fuel. This process, called metabolic switching, is the foundation of fasting benefits.
During fasting, several key changes happen in women's bodies:
Insulin sensitivity improves. Research shows time-restricted fasting helped lower fasting insulin by about 2-3 μU/mL in women with overweight or PCOS[Evidence: A][1][4]. Lower insulin levels allow your body to access stored fat more easily and help regulate blood sugar.
Cellular cleanup activates. After 12-16 hours of fasting, your cells begin a housekeeping process called autophagy. Picture this like your cells taking out the trash. They break down and recycle damaged proteins and cellular components. This process supports healthy aging and cellular function.
Hormonal changes occur. In women with PCOS, fasting helped reduce androgen hormones (DHEA-S and free androgen index by about 26%) and inflammatory markers[Evidence: A][5]. Importantly, studies show that total testosterone, estradiol, estrone, and progesterone remained unchanged after 12 months of time-restricted eating in women[Evidence: B][11].
Fat loss occurs without muscle loss. A key concern for women is whether fasting will cause muscle loss. Meta-analysis data shows no loss of lean body mass with time-restricted eating in women[Evidence: A][4]. Some studies even found an increase in fat-free mass by about 1 kg[Evidence: A][2].
🧪 What to Expect: The Real User Experience
Physiological Sensations During Fasting
During the fasting window (hours 12-16), most women experience hunger in rolling waves that peak for 15-30 minutes then subside. This is not a constant gnawing feeling. Your stomach may growl, and you may notice an empty sensation, but it typically is not painful. Many women report initial fatigue during hours 12-14, transitioning to mental clarity around hours 14-16. You may feel colder during your fasting window as your body adapts metabolically.
Mild headaches are common in the first 1-2 weeks of fasting, typically resolving with adequate hydration and electrolyte support[Evidence: A][7]. Some women report increased thirst and a slightly metallic taste (from ketone production).
Common User Experiences
Many women find that social situations create friction. Breakfast meetings, family meals, and social pressure to eat can make fasting challenging. About 45% of beginners struggle with workout timing, unsure whether to exercise fasted or fed. The "burp factor" with coffee and the tendency to overeat during the eating window in the first 2-4 weeks are commonly reported.
On the positive side, adherence exceeded 80% in trials under 3 months[Evidence: A][3]. One study found participants maintained fasting an average of 6.0-6.2 days per week[Evidence: B][8][10].
Practical Usage Tips
- To manage hunger waves: Drink sparkling water. Carbonation helps reduce hunger sensations
- To prevent headaches: Add a pinch of sea salt to water for electrolytes (magnesium, potassium)
- To ease into your eating window: Start with a small snack (nuts, yogurt) rather than a large meal to prevent GI distress
- For coffee timing: Delay coffee 1-2 hours after waking to avoid cortisol spikes
- For tracking: Use apps like Zero, FastHabit, or LIFE Fasting Tracker for accountability
- Best starting approach: Begin on weekends when you have less work stress and can manage hunger waves more easily
Adaptation Timeline
Week 1-2: Intense hunger, possible fatigue, headaches, irritability (this is the hardest phase). Week 3-4: Hunger waves become manageable, energy stabilizes. Month 2-3: Metabolic adaptation complete, mental clarity peaks, weight loss may plateau. Month 3+: Maintenance phase with less conscious effort required.
📊 Fasting Protocols and Schedules
Research has tested several fasting protocols in women. The table below summarizes the protocols used in clinical studies with their evidence levels.
| Protocol | Eating Window | Duration Studied | Population | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early TRE (7:00 AM - 3:00 PM) | 8 hours | 14 weeks | Adults with obesity (80% female) | [B][8] |
| Standard TRE (12:00 PM - 8:00 PM) | 8 hours | 12 months | Males and females with obesity | [B][11] |
| Modified TRE (14:10 protocol) | 10 hours | 8 weeks | Women with PCOS | [B][12] |
| Extended TRE (18-20 hour fast) | 4-6 hours | 8 weeks | Pre- and postmenopausal women with obesity | [B][10] |
| Alternate Day Fasting | Alternating ad libitum / 75% restriction days | 12 weeks | Women with overweight/obesity (BMI 25-34.9) | [B][9] |
Protocol Recommendations by Experience Level
Beginners: Start with a 12:12 protocol (12-hour eating window, 12-hour fast) for 1-2 weeks, then progress to 14:10 (10-hour eating window). This gentler approach allows your body to adapt without triggering stress responses.
Intermediate: The 16:8 protocol (8-hour eating window, such as noon to 8 PM) is well-studied and shows good adherence[B][11]. Most women can maintain this schedule 6+ days per week.
Advanced: Extended fasting windows (4-6 hours) or alternate day fasting can be considered by experienced fasters. These protocols produced about 3.3% body weight reduction over 8 weeks[B][10].
⚠️ Risks, Side Effects, and Warnings
Side Effects by Frequency
Common: Mild headaches are the most commonly reported side effect[Evidence: A][7]. Hunger waves, irritability during adaptation (weeks 1-2), and increased thirst are also frequently reported.
Reassuring findings: Research shows fasting did not adversely alter eating behaviors, mood, sleep quality, quality of life, or cognitive performance compared to regular calorie restriction[Evidence: B][14]. Neither fasting nor regular dieting produced compensatory appetite increases or binge eating behaviors[Evidence: B][9].
Hormonal Considerations
It is common to worry about how fasting affects hormones. Studies provide reassurance: sex hormones (testosterone, DHEA, SHBG, estradiol, estrone, progesterone) remained stable throughout 12 months of time-restricted eating[Evidence: B][11]. In women with PCOS, fasting actually improved hormonal profiles by reducing androgens[Evidence: A][1].
Contraindications
Absolute contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, history of eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia), type 1 diabetes, current hypoglycemia episodes, severe underweight (BMI less than 18.5).
Relative contraindications: Medications requiring food intake, active disordered eating patterns, certain thyroid conditions. Talk to your doctor before starting if you have any chronic health conditions or take prescription medications.
When to Stop Fasting
Monitor for these red flag symptoms: missed periods for 3+ consecutive months, new irregular cycles, hair loss or thinning, persistent fatigue that does not resolve after 3-4 weeks, sleep disruption, increased anxiety, cold intolerance, or loss of libido. Stop fasting and consult your healthcare provider if you experience two or more of these symptoms.
🥗 Practical Ways to Start Fasting
How to Start Fasting Safely
Week 1-2 (Adaptation Phase): Begin with a 12:12 schedule. Stop eating at 8 PM and resume at 8 AM. This includes your sleep hours, making it easier to manage. Focus on eating nutrient-dense foods during your eating window.
Week 3-4 (Progression Phase): If tolerated well, extend to 14:10. Stop eating at 7 PM and resume at 9 AM. Monitor energy levels and menstrual cycle (if applicable). Studies using the 14:10 protocol showed comparable weight loss to more restrictive approaches[B][12].
Month 2+ (Maintenance Phase): Consider 16:8 if you want additional benefits. Research shows excellent adherence (6+ days/week) with 8-hour eating windows[B][10].
What to Eat During Your Eating Window
- Protein: Include adequate protein at each meal to preserve lean muscle mass
- Healthy fats: Avocados, olive oil, nuts, and fatty fish help maintain satiety
- Fiber-rich foods: Vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains support gut health
- Hydration: Continue drinking water, herbal tea, and black coffee during fasting
What to Drink During Fasting
Water (plain or sparkling), black coffee, and unsweetened tea do not break a fast. Adding a pinch of salt to water helps with electrolytes. Avoid drinks with calories, sweeteners (even artificial ones may trigger insulin response in some people), or cream.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Starting too aggressively: Jumping straight to 16:8 or longer fasts increases dropout. Start with 12:12 and progress gradually
- Overeating during eating window: About 40% of beginners overeat in the first 2-4 weeks. Start with a small snack before larger meals
- Ignoring body signals: If you experience persistent fatigue, period changes, or hair loss, reduce fasting intensity
- Inconsistent timing: Studies used daily fasting protocols. Sporadic fasting may not achieve the same metabolic benefits
What to Look for When Choosing a Fasting Method
Not all fasting approaches work equally well for every woman. Here's what matters when selecting a protocol:
Key Factors to Consider
- Your current lifestyle and schedule: Early TRE (eating 7 AM-3 PM) produced 2.3 kg more weight loss than regular eating[B][8], but it requires skipping dinner. Standard TRE (noon-8 PM) is easier for social eating
- Your hormonal status: Premenopausal and postmenopausal women experienced similar benefits[B][10]
- Existing health conditions: Women with PCOS showed improvements in menstrual regularity, insulin resistance, and androgen levels[Evidence: A][1]
- Your weight loss goals: Alternate day fasting ranked most effective for weight loss, followed by continuous calorie restriction, then time-restricted eating[Evidence: A][3]
Questions to Ask Yourself
- Do I have a history of disordered eating? (If yes, consult a professional before fasting)
- Am I pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying to conceive? (If yes, avoid fasting)
- Can I maintain this schedule 6+ days per week?
- Does my schedule allow for consistent eating windows?
- Am I willing to track my symptoms (energy, mood, cycle) for the first 2-3 months?
Red Flags in Fasting Programs
- Promises of rapid weight loss: Sustainable loss is 1-2 kg per month, not per week
- Extreme protocols for beginners: Starting with 20+ hour fasts is unnecessary and may be harmful
- No mention of contraindications: Any responsible program addresses who should NOT fast
- Selling expensive supplements as "required": Fasting does not require special supplements
How Intermittent Fasting Compares to Calorie Restriction: What to Know
Intermittent fasting and traditional calorie restriction work through overlapping metabolic pathways, but they are implemented differently. Fasting focuses on WHEN you eat, while calorie restriction focuses on HOW MUCH you eat. Both approaches produce similar weight loss results in research studies.
| Feature | Intermittent Fasting | Continuous Calorie Restriction |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Limits eating window; triggers metabolic switching and autophagy | Reduces daily calories by 25%; maintains constant energy deficit |
| Weight Loss | ~6.3-6.6% body weight over 12 weeks[B][9] | ~6.3-6.6% body weight over 12 weeks (equivalent)[B][9] |
| Fat Mass Loss | ~3.9 kg reduction[B][9] | ~3.9 kg reduction (identical)[B][9] |
| Hunger/Appetite | Hunger decreased equally; no compensatory increases[B][9] | Hunger decreased equally[B][9] |
| Ease of Tracking | Easier (track time, not calories) | Requires calorie counting |
| Cardiovascular Markers | Comparable results to calorie restriction[A][7] | Standard approach with extensive research |
| HDL Cholesterol | Raised compared to calorie restriction[A][2] | Less improvement in HDL |
| Psychological Outcomes | Comparable mood, sleep, QoL, cognition[B][14] | Comparable outcomes[B][14] |
What The Evidence Shows (And Doesn't Show)
What Research Suggests
- Time-restricted eating reduces body weight by approximately 1.9-4.25 kg in women with overweight, obesity, or PCOS (based on 7 meta-analyses and systematic reviews, n=thousands)[Evidence: A][1][4]
- Fasting improves insulin sensitivity and reduces fasting insulin by approximately 2-3 μU/mL in women[Evidence: A][1][4]
- Sex hormones remain stable during 12 months of time-restricted eating[Evidence: B][11]
- Fasting produces weight loss equivalent to traditional calorie restriction (about 6.3-6.6% body weight over 12 weeks)[Evidence: B][9]
- Lean body mass is preserved with time-restricted eating; no muscle loss observed[Evidence: A][4]
What's NOT Yet Proven
- Long-term cardiovascular outcomes: The Cochrane review found no studies reporting data on cardiovascular mortality, stroke, heart attack, or heart failure[Evidence: A][7]
- Optimal fasting duration: Studies used eating windows ranging from 4-10 hours. No clear consensus on the optimal window for women specifically
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety: No RCTs have studied fasting in pregnant or breastfeeding women
- Effects on lean women without obesity: Most studies enrolled women with BMI 25+ or PCOS. Effects in lean, healthy women are less clear
- Adolescent and pediatric females: No studies specifically addressed fasting in girls or adolescents
Where Caution Is Needed
- Eating disorder risk: While studies showed no increased binge eating or disordered behaviors[Evidence: B][9], these trials excluded women with eating disorder history. Fasting may trigger disordered patterns in vulnerable individuals
- Individual variation: Some women report menstrual irregularities, hair thinning, or fatigue with fasting. These symptoms warrant reducing fasting intensity
- Quality and duration of studies: Most RCTs lasted 8-14 weeks. The longest was 12 months[Evidence: B][11]. Long-term data beyond 1 year is limited
Should YOU Try This?
Best suited for: Women with overweight or obesity (BMI 25+), women with PCOS seeking improved metabolic and hormonal profiles, women who prefer time-based eating rules over calorie counting, women who have difficulty with sustained calorie restriction.
Not recommended for: Pregnant or breastfeeding women, women with history of eating disorders, women with type 1 diabetes or frequent hypoglycemia, women taking medications that require food intake, severely underweight women (BMI less than 18.5).
Realistic timeline: Adaptation occurs in 2-4 weeks. Weight loss typically ranges from 1-2 kg per month. Full metabolic adaptation may take 2-3 months. Results vary by individual.
When to consult a professional: Before starting if you have any chronic health conditions, take prescription medications, have history of eating disorders, or are trying to conceive. During fasting if you experience persistent fatigue, menstrual changes, hair loss, or sleep disruption.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can fasting help with weight loss for women?
Yes, research consistently shows fasting supports weight loss in women. Meta-analysis data indicates time-restricted eating reduced body weight by about 1.9-4.25 kg in women with overweight or obesity. Both time-restricted fasting and regular calorie cutting produced equivalent weight loss of about 6.3-6.6% body weight over 12 weeks in women. The main advantage of fasting is that many women find it easier to follow than calorie counting. Adherence exceeded 80% in trials under 3 months.
Is fasting safe during menopause?
Research suggests fasting is safe and effective for postmenopausal women. Studies comparing premenopausal and postmenopausal women found that body weight decreased comparably (about 3.3%) in both groups with time-restricted fasting. Similar improvements occurred in fat mass, lean mass, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance across menopausal status. Estradiol, estrone, and progesterone remained unchanged in postmenopausal women during 12 months of fasting. The metabolic benefits appear equivalent across menopausal status.
Can fasting cause hormonal imbalance?
Current evidence is reassuring. In a 12-month study, sex hormones remained stable throughout the intervention. Total testosterone, DHEA, and SHBG did not change over time in premenopausal females. Estradiol, estrone, and progesterone remained unchanged in postmenopausal women. In women with PCOS, fasting actually improved hormonal profiles by reducing androgens and increasing SHBG. However, if you notice menstrual irregularities, hair loss, or persistent fatigue, these may be signs to reduce fasting intensity.
What are the side effects of fasting for women?
The most common side effect is mild headaches, particularly during the first 1-2 weeks. This typically resolves with adequate hydration and electrolyte intake. Other reported effects include hunger waves (which subside after adaptation), initial fatigue, and irritability. Importantly, research shows fasting did not adversely alter eating behaviors, mood, sleep quality, quality of life, or cognitive performance compared to standard calorie restriction. Neither method produced compensatory appetite increases or binge eating.
Can fasting affect fertility?
In women with PCOS (a common cause of infertility), fasting appears beneficial. Research shows 33-40% of PCOS participants reported normalized menstrual cycles with time-restricted fasting. Fasting improved insulin sensitivity and reduced androgen hormones, both of which support fertility in PCOS. However, data on fertility outcomes in lean women without PCOS is limited. If you are actively trying to conceive, consult your healthcare provider before starting a fasting regimen.
Is fasting safe while breastfeeding?
Insufficient safety data exists for fasting during breastfeeding. No randomized controlled trials have specifically studied intermittent fasting in breastfeeding women. Breastfeeding requires additional calories (approximately 300-500 extra per day) to support milk production. Restricting eating windows could potentially affect milk supply or nutrient quality. Based on clinical consensus, fasting is not recommended during breastfeeding. Consult your healthcare provider if you want to modify your eating patterns while nursing.
Does fasting slow metabolism in women?
Current evidence does not support the concern that fasting slows metabolism. Meta-analysis data shows no loss of lean body mass with time-restricted eating in women. Some research even found an increase in fat-free mass by about 1 kg. Preserving lean muscle mass is important for maintaining metabolic rate. The Cochrane review noted that while weight loss occurred with fasting, it was not considered 'clinically significant' in short-term studies, suggesting fasting does not produce dramatic metabolic changes.
Can fasting cause hair loss in women?
Hair thinning or loss is reported by some women who fast, particularly with very restrictive protocols or inadequate nutrition during eating windows. This is not directly addressed in the randomized controlled trials reviewed, but nutritional deficiencies (protein, iron, zinc, biotin) can contribute to hair loss. If you notice hair thinning after starting fasting, this may be a sign that your calorie or nutrient intake is insufficient. Consider reducing fasting intensity, ensuring adequate protein intake, and consulting a healthcare provider to check for nutritional deficiencies.
What should women eat when breaking a fast?
Start with a small snack rather than a large meal to prevent gastrointestinal distress. Good options include nuts, yogurt, eggs, or a small portion of protein with vegetables. Avoid breaking your fast with high-sugar or highly processed foods, which can cause blood sugar spikes. During your eating window, prioritize protein to preserve muscle mass (studies showed no lean mass loss with adequate protein), healthy fats for satiety, and fiber-rich foods for gut health. Hydrate well throughout the day.
Is fasting good for PCOS?
Research strongly supports fasting for women with PCOS. Meta-analysis data shows that intermittent fasting helped reduce body weight by about 4.25 kg, lowered fasting insulin by about 3.17 μU/mL, and improved insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in women with PCOS. About 33-40% of PCOS participants reported normalized menstrual cycles with time-restricted fasting. Androgens (DHEA-S, free androgen index) decreased, while SHBG increased. Time-restricted fasting is considered a promising lifestyle approach for PCOS management.
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At Biochron, we take health information seriously. Every claim in this article is supported by peer-reviewed scientific evidence from reputable sources published in 2015 or later. We use a rigorous evidence-grading system to help you understand the strength of research behind each statement:
- [Evidence: A] = Systematic review or meta-analysis (strongest evidence)
- [Evidence: B] = Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- [Evidence: C] = Cohort or case-control study
- [Evidence: D] = Expert opinion or clinical guideline
Our editorial team follows strict guidelines: we never exaggerate health claims, we clearly distinguish between correlation and causation, we update content regularly as new research emerges, and we transparently note when evidence is limited or conflicting. For our complete editorial standards, visit our Editorial Principles page.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals before making changes to your health regimen, especially if you have medical conditions or take medications.
References
- 1 . Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Anthropometric Measurements, Metabolic Profile, and Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Nutrients, 2025, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 2 . Intermittent fasting and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials, EClinicalMedicine, 2024, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 3 . A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating for weight loss, Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2023, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 4 . Effects of time-restricted eating on body composition and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese women: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Frontiers in nutrition, 2025, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 5 . The impact of intermittent fasting on fertility: A focus on polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive outcomes in Women-A systematic review, Metabolism open, 2025, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 6 . Effect of Epidemic Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Frontiers in nutrition, 2021, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 7 . Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 8 . Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial, JAMA internal medicine, 2022, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 9 . Matched Weight Loss Through Intermittent or Continuous Energy Restriction Does Not Lead To Compensatory Increases in Appetite and Eating Behavior in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Women with Overweight and Obesity, The Journal of nutrition, 2020, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 10 . Changes in body weight and metabolic risk during time restricted feeding in premenopausal versus postmenopausal women, Experimental gerontology, 2021, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 11 . Effect of time restricted eating versus daily calorie restriction on sex hormones in males and females with obesity, European journal of clinical nutrition, 2024, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 12 . The effects of time-restricted eating alone or in combination with probiotic supplementation in comparison with a calorie-restricted diet on endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2024, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 13 . Does the weight loss efficacy of alternate day fasting differ according to sex and menopausal status?, Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases: NMCD, 2021, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 14 . Eight weeks of intermittent fasting versus calorie restriction does not alter eating behaviors, mood, sleep quality, quality of life and cognitive performance in women with overweight, Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2021, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 15 . Metabolic and behavioral effects of time-restricted eating in women with overweight or obesity: Preliminary findings from a randomized study, Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2023, PubMed [Evidence: B]
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. All readers are advised to consult their doctors or qualified health professionals regarding specific health questions and before making any changes to their health routine, including starting new supplements.
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