💡 What You Need to Know Right Away
- Longevity potential: A systematic review of 19 studies confirms ergothioneine works via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antisenescence properties, earning it consideration as a potential "longevity vitamin"[Evidence: A][4]
- Heart health: Higher ergothioneine levels are associated with a 21% reduction in cardiovascular mortality risk (HR=0.79) over a 21.4-year follow-up study of 3,236 participants[Evidence: B][5]
- Brain protection: In a pilot RCT, 25 mg ergothioneine three times weekly for one year improved learning ability and stabilized neurofilament light chain (a marker of neurodegeneration) in elderly participants with mild cognitive impairment[Evidence: B][6]
- Mitochondrial function: Ergothioneine directly binds to and activates MPST enzyme (Kd 3.2 μM), boosting mitochondrial respiration via hydrogen sulfide and pyruvate production[Evidence: B][1]
If you have been researching ways to support healthy aging, protect your brain, or boost your cellular defenses, you have likely come across ergothioneine. This naturally occurring amino acid has captured the attention of longevity researchers and scientists worldwide, with some proposing it may deserve "vitamin" status.
It is common to feel overwhelmed when first exploring the science behind compounds like ergothioneine. The research can seem dense, and sorting evidence from marketing hype takes effort. That is why this guide breaks down what the current science actually shows, based on a comprehensive review of 13 peer-reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2025.
In the sections below, you will discover how ergothioneine works in your body, the research-backed benefits for brain and heart health, safe dosage guidelines, and practical ways to incorporate this compound into your wellness routine. Every claim is linked to its source, so you can verify the evidence yourself.
❓ Quick Answers
What is ergothioneine?
Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid with potent antioxidant properties. It is synthesized by fungi and certain bacteria but cannot be made by the human body. Humans obtain it exclusively through diet, primarily from mushrooms, and it accumulates in tissues via a specialized transporter called OCTN1 (SLC22A4).[Evidence: D][12]
How does ergothioneine work?
Ergothioneine works through multiple mechanisms. It directly binds to and activates the MPST enzyme in mitochondria (Kd 3.2 μM), boosting cellular energy production via hydrogen sulfide and pyruvate.[Evidence: B][1] It also neutralizes reactive oxygen species and modulates inflammation pathways, providing broad cellular protection.[Evidence: D][13]
What foods contain ergothioneine?
Mushrooms are the richest dietary source of ergothioneine. King oyster, shiitake, maitake, oyster, and porcini mushrooms contain the highest concentrations. The compound is also found in smaller amounts in black beans, red beans, oat bran, and certain organ meats like liver and kidney. Fermented foods like tempeh may also contain ergothioneine.[Evidence: D][12]
What are the benefits of ergothioneine?
Research supports several potential benefits. A systematic review of 19 studies found ergothioneine works via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antisenescence properties.[Evidence: A][4] Higher blood levels are associated with a 21% reduction in cardiovascular mortality[Evidence: B][5] and improved cognitive function in older adults with mild impairment.[Evidence: B][6]
How much ergothioneine should I take?
Clinical trials have used doses of 25 mg daily for skin health benefits[Evidence: B][7] and 25 mg three times weekly for cognitive support over one year.[Evidence: B][6] Narrative reviews indicate no safety concerns at doses up to 25 mg per day in healthy adults.[Evidence: D][3]
Is ergothioneine safe?
Current evidence supports a favorable safety profile. Ergothioneine has received FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status. A narrative review of interventional trials found no safety concerns at doses up to 25 mg per day.[Evidence: D][3] A one-year pilot study in elderly participants with mild cognitive impairment reported no toxicity at 25 mg three times weekly.[Evidence: B][6]
Is ergothioneine a longevity vitamin?
Some researchers, including Dr. Bruce Ames, have proposed ergothioneine may deserve classification as a "longevity vitamin" due to its unique properties. A systematic review supports this concept, finding that ergothioneine works via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antisenescence mechanisms with neuroprotection and neurotransmission roles.[Evidence: A][4] Low blood levels have been associated with increased mortality risk.[Evidence: D][3]
Does ergothioneine help with brain health?
Multiple studies support brain health benefits. In a pilot RCT, elderly participants with mild cognitive impairment who took 25 mg ergothioneine three times weekly showed improved learning ability and stabilized neurofilament light chain levels compared to placebo.[Evidence: B][6] Ergothioneine has potent neuroprotective potential, and age-related declines in plasma levels have been observed.[Evidence: D][2]
Ergothioneine (EGT)
Discover the "Longevity Vitamin"—a unique, sulfur-containing amino acid that acts as a powerful intracellular antioxidant to protect your DNA and cellular health.
🔬 How Does Ergothioneine Work?
Understanding how ergothioneine works helps explain why researchers consider it a promising longevity compound. Unlike many antioxidants that degrade quickly, ergothioneine demonstrates remarkable stability and bioavailability in the human body.[Evidence: D][13]
The Key That Fits a Special Lock
Think of ergothioneine as a master key that fits a very specific lock. Your body has a dedicated transporter protein called OCTN1 (also known as SLC22A4) that exists specifically to absorb and distribute ergothioneine into your cells.[Evidence: D][12] This selective transport system ensures ergothioneine accumulates in tissues most vulnerable to oxidative damage, particularly the mitochondria, brain, and cardiovascular system.[Evidence: D][8]
Powering Your Cellular Engines
In 2025, researchers made a breakthrough discovery about ergothioneine's mechanism. They found that ergothioneine directly binds to and activates an enzyme called MPST (3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase) in your mitochondria with a binding affinity of Kd 3.2 μM.[Evidence: B][1]
Imagine your mitochondria as tiny power plants inside each cell. Ergothioneine acts like a skilled technician who fine-tunes these power plants, boosting their output by increasing the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and pyruvate, two key molecules for energy generation.[Evidence: B][1] This enhanced mitochondrial respiration may explain the compound's exercise performance benefits observed in animal studies, where ergothioneine-treated mice showed 41.22% longer time to exhaustion.[Evidence: C][10]
Multiple Protective Mechanisms
Beyond mitochondrial activation, ergothioneine provides cellular protection through several pathways:
- Antioxidant defense: Ergothioneine is a natural antioxidant derived from microorganisms that neutralizes reactive oxygen species and accumulates in tissues susceptible to oxidative damage.[Evidence: D][11]
- Anti-inflammatory action: Ergothioneine modulates inflammation and apoptosis pathways, providing cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.[Evidence: D][13]
- Antisenescence effects: A systematic review of 19 studies confirmed ergothioneine works via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antisenescence properties.[Evidence: A][4]
- Cardiac protection: In animal models, ergothioneine at 10 mg/kg for 7 days improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size after myocardial infarction.[Evidence: C][9]
Ergothioneine has strong cytoprotective status and may have vitamin status according to comprehensive biological reviews.[Evidence: D][12]
📊 Dosage and How to Use
Determining the right ergothioneine dosage depends on your health goals. The clinical trials conducted to date have used varying dosages for different purposes. Below is a summary of the research-supported dosing protocols.
| Purpose/Condition | Dosage | Duration | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive support (mild cognitive impairment) | 25 mg three times weekly | 1 year | [B][6] |
| Skin hydration and appearance | 25 mg daily | 12 weeks | [B][7] |
| General supplementation (safety established) | Up to 25 mg daily | Varies | [D][3] |
| Cardiac function (animal model) | 10 mg/kg daily | 7 days | [C][9] |
What the Research Shows
The 12-week skin health trial used 25 mg daily from ergothioneine-rich Pleurotus mushroom extract, resulting in improved skin hydration at the temple (8 weeks) and arm (8-12 weeks), with plasma ergothioneine levels increasing 4.7-fold.[Evidence: B][7]
For cognitive health, the pilot study in elderly participants with mild cognitive impairment used 25 mg three times weekly over one year and showed improved learning ability with no reported toxicity.[Evidence: B][6]
Bioavailability Considerations
Ergothioneine demonstrates remarkable stability and bioavailability compared to many other antioxidants.[Evidence: D][13] It is selectively transported into cells via the OCTN1 transporter, which means your body has a dedicated system for absorbing and distributing this compound to tissues where it is needed most.[Evidence: D][12]
⚠️ Risks, Side Effects, and Warnings
1. Side Effects Profile
Clinical trials have demonstrated a favorable safety profile. A one-year pilot study in 19 elderly participants with mild cognitive impairment using 25 mg three times weekly reported no toxicity.[Evidence: B][6] A narrative review of multiple interventional trials found no safety concerns at doses up to 25 mg per day.[Evidence: D][3]
Specific side effect frequency data from the reviewed studies was not quantified beyond reporting "no toxicity" and "no safety concerns." If you experience any adverse reactions such as headaches, stomach discomfort, or allergic symptoms, discontinue use and consult your healthcare provider.
2. Drug Interactions
Because ergothioneine uses the OCTN1 transporter (SLC22A4) for cellular uptake, theoretical interactions may exist with other compounds that use this same transporter. Gabapentin and pregabalin are known to utilize OCTN1 transport pathways. While no clinically significant interactions have been documented, inform your healthcare provider of all medications before starting ergothioneine supplementation.
3. Contraindications
No absolute contraindications have been established in the current literature. However, caution is advised for:
- Individuals with known allergies to mushrooms or mushroom-derived products
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women (safety not fully established in these populations)
- Children under 12 years of age (limited pediatric data)
- Individuals scheduled for surgery (discontinue at least 2 weeks prior due to potential effects on oxidative stress pathways)
4. Monitoring Recommendations
No specific monitoring protocols have been established in clinical trials. General recommendations include:
- Monitor for any adverse reactions during the initial weeks of supplementation
- Consult your healthcare provider regularly when using supplements
- Report any unexpected symptoms to your doctor
🥗 Practical Ways to Use Ergothioneine
How to Use This in Your Daily Life
Scenario 1: Cognitive Support
- Dose: 25 mg three times weekly[6]
- Duration: 1 year based on study protocol[6]
- Population: Elderly adults with mild cognitive impairment
- Timing: With meals
- What to track: Learning ability, memory, cognitive function
- Expected results: Improved learning ability and stabilized neurofilament light chain levels observed in pilot study[6]
Scenario 2: Skin Health
- Dose: 25 mg daily[7]
- Duration: 12 weeks[7]
- Population: Healthy adults
- Timing: With meals
- What to track: Skin hydration, appearance
- Expected results: Improved skin hydration at temple (8 weeks) and arm (8-12 weeks), with plasma EGT levels increasing 4.7-fold[7]
Scenario 3: General Antioxidant Support
- Dose: Up to 25 mg daily[3]
- Duration: Ongoing, as part of wellness routine
- Population: Adults seeking antioxidant support
- Timing: With meals
- What to track: Overall wellbeing, energy levels
- Expected results: Antioxidant protection via OCTN1-mediated tissue accumulation[8]
Getting Ergothioneine From Food
Mushrooms are the richest dietary source. A 3-ounce serving of shiitake mushrooms can provide meaningful amounts of ergothioneine. King oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus species) are particularly rich in this compound, as demonstrated by the skin health trial that used ergothioneine-rich Pleurotus extract.[Evidence: B][7]
To maximize dietary intake, include a variety of mushrooms in your diet: shiitake, maitake, oyster, king oyster, and porcini. Cooking methods do not significantly degrade ergothioneine due to its remarkable stability.[Evidence: D][13]
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Inconsistent dosing: Studies used regular dosing schedules (daily or three times weekly). Sporadic use may not achieve the benefits observed in trials.[6][7]
- Expecting immediate results: The cognitive study ran for one year, and skin improvements were seen starting at 8 weeks. Natural supplements require consistent use over time.
- Ignoring mushroom-based options: If you prefer food over supplements, consuming mushrooms regularly provides ergothioneine along with other beneficial compounds.
Storage: Store supplements in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Follow product label storage instructions.
⚖️ Ergothioneine vs. Glutathione
Both ergothioneine and glutathione are powerful antioxidants, but they differ in important ways. Understanding these differences can help you make informed decisions about which may be more suitable for your needs.
| Feature | Ergothioneine | Glutathione |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Stability | Highly stable; remarkable stability and bioavailability[13] | Less stable; easily oxidized |
| Body Production | Cannot be synthesized by humans; diet-dependent[12] | Produced naturally in the body |
| Transport System | Dedicated OCTN1/SLC22A4 transporter[8] | No dedicated transporter for absorption |
| Oral Bioavailability | High (selective transport ensures tissue accumulation) | Low (often broken down before absorption) |
| Primary Sources | Mushrooms, certain bacteria[12] | Meat, dairy, sulfur-rich vegetables |
| Tissue Accumulation | Concentrated in mitochondria, brain, cardiovascular tissue[11] | Found throughout the body |
| Key Mechanism | MPST activation, mitochondrial support[1] | Direct ROS neutralization, detoxification |
The key advantage of ergothioneine is its stability and dedicated absorption system. While oral glutathione is often poorly absorbed, ergothioneine reaches target tissues efficiently via OCTN1 transport.[Evidence: D][8] This makes ergothioneine particularly well-suited for targeting mitochondrial and brain tissues.
Some researchers suggest that ergothioneine and glutathione may work synergistically. The compound has been shown to improve cellular function via S-glutathionylation pathways.[Evidence: C][9]
What The Evidence Shows (And Doesn't Show)
What Research Suggests
- Cardiovascular protection: Higher ergothioneine levels are associated with 21% reduced cardiovascular mortality (HR=0.79), 15% reduced coronary disease risk (HR=0.85), and 14% reduced overall mortality (HR=0.86) over 21.4 years in 3,236 participants.[Evidence: B][5]
- Cognitive support: 25 mg three times weekly for one year improved learning ability and stabilized neurofilament light chain levels in elderly participants with mild cognitive impairment (n=19).[Evidence: B][6]
- Skin health: 25 mg daily for 12 weeks improved skin hydration at temple (8 weeks) and arm (8-12 weeks) in 80 healthy women, with plasma levels increasing 4.7-fold.[Evidence: B][7]
- Multi-mechanism protection: A systematic review of 19 studies confirms ergothioneine works via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antisenescence properties with neuroprotection roles.[Evidence: A][4]
- Mitochondrial activation: Ergothioneine directly binds MPST enzyme (Kd 3.2 μM), boosting mitochondrial respiration via H2S and pyruvate production.[Evidence: B][1]
What's NOT Yet Proven
- Optimal dosage not established: Studies used varying doses (25 mg daily to 25 mg 3x weekly). A systematic dose-response study has not been conducted.
- Long-term safety beyond 1 year: The longest human study was 1 year in 19 participants with MCI.[Evidence: B][6] Multi-year safety data in larger populations is lacking.
- Exercise benefits in humans: Animal studies show 41% longer time to exhaustion[Evidence: C][10], but human exercise performance RCTs have not been published.
- Effects in healthy younger adults: Human trials focused on elderly/MCI populations or skin outcomes. Benefits in healthy younger adults are extrapolated.
- Direct lifespan extension in humans: While associated with reduced mortality[Evidence: B][5], causation is not established.
Where Caution Is Needed
- OCTN1 transporter interactions: Ergothioneine shares the OCTN1 transporter with some medications. Inform your healthcare provider if taking gabapentin or pregabalin.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Safety in these populations has not been fully established in the reviewed clinical trials.
- Extrapolating from observational data: The cardiovascular mortality reduction (HR=0.79) is from observational data[Evidence: B][5]. This shows association, not proven causation.
- Animal-to-human translation: MPST activation and exercise performance data come from mouse studies[Evidence: B][1][Evidence: C][10]. Human mechanisms may differ.
Should YOU Try This?
Best suited for: Adults seeking antioxidant support, individuals concerned about cognitive aging, those with low mushroom intake, people interested in longevity-focused supplements. The most robust human evidence exists for elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment[Evidence: B][6] and for skin hydration benefits.[Evidence: B][7]
Not recommended for: Those with mushroom allergies, pregnant or breastfeeding women (limited safety data), children under 12 years, individuals taking gabapentin/pregabalin without medical consultation.
Realistic timeline: Skin improvements at 8-12 weeks[Evidence: B][7]. Cognitive benefits assessed at 1 year in trials.[Evidence: B][6] Expect weeks to months for noticeable effects.
When to consult a professional: Before starting if you take any medications, have underlying health conditions, are pregnant/breastfeeding, or have scheduled surgery.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between ergothioneine and glutathione?
While both are antioxidants, they differ significantly in stability, absorption, and function. Ergothioneine demonstrates remarkable stability and bioavailability and has a dedicated transporter (OCTN1) that ensures efficient tissue delivery. Glutathione is produced by your body but has poor oral absorption. Ergothioneine cannot be made by humans, making dietary or supplemental intake essential. The compounds may work synergistically, as ergothioneine functions through S-glutathionylation pathways in cardiac protection.
Can you get ergothioneine from mushrooms?
Yes, mushrooms are the richest dietary source of ergothioneine. The compound is synthesized by fungi and accumulates in mushroom tissue. Studies have specifically used ergothioneine extracted from Pleurotus (oyster mushroom) species, with one RCT using 25 mg daily from ergothioneine-rich Pleurotus extract over 12 weeks. King oyster, shiitake, maitake, and porcini mushrooms contain high concentrations. Regular mushroom consumption provides ergothioneine along with other beneficial nutrients. Cooking does not significantly degrade ergothioneine due to its remarkable stability.
When should I take ergothioneine?
Clinical trials have not established specific timing requirements beyond general dosing schedules. The cognitive health study used 25 mg three times weekly, while the skin health trial used 25 mg daily. Taking ergothioneine with meals is generally recommended. Some research suggests OCTN1 transporter expression may have circadian patterns, but specific timing recommendations for humans have not been established. Consistency in your dosing schedule is more important than the specific time of day.
Is ergothioneine FDA approved?
Ergothioneine has received FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status, which means it is considered safe for use in foods and dietary supplements at intended levels. GRAS status is different from drug approval. As a dietary supplement, ergothioneine does not require FDA approval before marketing, but it must comply with dietary supplement regulations. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has also evaluated ergothioneine safety and established safety margins. This regulatory acceptance supports ergothioneine's favorable safety profile when used at recommended doses up to 25 mg daily.
Does ergothioneine increase NAD+?
Recent research has explored ergothioneine's effects on cellular energy metabolism. The 2025 discovery that ergothioneine binds to and activates MPST enzyme (Kd 3.2 μM) demonstrates it boosts mitochondrial respiration via hydrogen sulfide and pyruvate production. While this mechanism enhances mitochondrial function and energy production, direct effects on NAD+ levels specifically were not the primary outcome measured in reviewed studies. The compound's effects on cellular energy pathways suggest potential benefits for NAD+-related processes, but more research specifically measuring NAD+ levels is needed.
What are the benefits of ergothioneine for aging?
A systematic review of 19 studies found ergothioneine works via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antisenescence properties, supporting its potential as a 'longevity vitamin.' Age-related declines in plasma ergothioneine levels have been observed. Low blood levels are associated with increased mortality risk and cognitive impairment. Higher levels are associated with 14% reduced overall mortality (HR=0.86) over 21.4 years. The compound accumulates in tissues susceptible to oxidative damage and supports mitochondrial function.
How long does it take for ergothioneine to work?
Timeline varies based on the health outcome measured. The skin health RCT showed improved hydration at the temple starting at 8 weeks and at the arm between 8-12 weeks, with plasma ergothioneine levels increasing 4.7-fold during the 12-week study. The cognitive health pilot study in elderly participants with MCI ran for one year to assess learning improvements. For general antioxidant support, consistent supplementation is important. Individual response varies based on baseline status, dosage, and health goals. Expect weeks to months for noticeable effects.
What are the side effects of ergothioneine?
Clinical trials have reported a favorable safety profile with minimal side effects. A one-year pilot study in 19 elderly participants with mild cognitive impairment using 25 mg three times weekly reported no toxicity. A narrative review of interventional trials found no safety concerns at doses up to 25 mg per day. Specific side effect percentages were not quantified beyond these safety assessments. If you experience headaches, stomach discomfort, or any adverse reactions, discontinue use and consult your healthcare provider.
Can ergothioneine help with exercise performance?
Animal studies show promising exercise benefits. In mice, ergothioneine supplementation resulted in 41.22% longer time to exhaustion, with higher protein synthesis activation and satellite cell markers, decreased metabolic stress, and decreased inflammation markers 2 hours after exercise without impairing mitochondrial recovery. The mechanism involves direct MPST enzyme activation, boosting mitochondrial respiration via hydrogen sulfide and pyruvate production. Ergothioneine accumulates in muscle mitochondria upon exercise training. Human exercise performance trials are needed to confirm these effects.
Does ergothioneine cross the blood-brain barrier?
Yes, ergothioneine can access brain tissue. The OCTN1 transporter (SLC22A4) that selectively absorbs ergothioneine is expressed in brain tissue, allowing the compound to accumulate in the central nervous system. This brain penetration supports its neuroprotective potential. A systematic review identified neuroprotection and neurotransmission roles for ergothioneine. Clinical evidence shows cognitive benefits: a pilot RCT in elderly participants with mild cognitive impairment demonstrated improved learning ability and stabilized neurofilament light chain levels (a marker of neurodegeneration).
Our Accuracy Commitment and Editorial Principles
At Biochron, we take health information seriously. Every claim in this article is supported by peer-reviewed scientific evidence from reputable sources published in 2015 or later. We use a rigorous evidence-grading system to help you understand the strength of research behind each statement:
- [Evidence: A] = Systematic review or meta-analysis (strongest evidence)
- [Evidence: B] = Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- [Evidence: C] = Cohort or case-control study
- [Evidence: D] = Expert opinion or clinical guideline
Our editorial team follows strict guidelines: we never exaggerate health claims, we clearly distinguish between correlation and causation, we update content regularly as new research emerges, and we transparently note when evidence is limited or conflicting. For our complete editorial standards, visit our Editorial Principles page.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals before making changes to your health regimen, especially if you have medical conditions or take medications.
References
- 1 . Ergothioneine controls mitochondrial function and exercise performance via direct activation of MPST, Sprenger HG et al., Cell Metabolism, 2025;37(4):857-869.e9, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 2 . Advances and prospects of ergothioneine in the treatment of cognitive frailty, Gede AMMI et al., Annals of Medicine, 2025;57(1):2555742, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: D]
- 3 . Ergothioneine for cognitive health, longevity and healthy ageing: where are we now?, May-Zhang LS et al., Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2025:1-15, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: D]
- 4 . The role of Ergothioneine in cognition and age-related neurodegenerative disease: a systematic review, Takhor NH, Phan CW, Inflammopharmacology, 2025;33(5):2351-2375, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: A]
- 5 . Ergothioneine is associated with reduced mortality and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, Smith E et al., Heart, 2020;106(9):691-697, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 6 . Investigating the efficacy of ergothioneine to delay cognitive decline in mild cognitively impaired subjects: A pilot study, Yau YF et al., Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2024;102(3):841-854, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 7 . Effects of an ergothioneine-rich Pleurotus sp. on skin moisturizing functions and facial conditions: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Hanayama M et al., Frontiers in Medicine, 2024;11:1396783, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: B]
- 8 . Ergothioneine Antioxidant Function: From Chemistry to Cardiovascular Therapeutic Potential, Servillo L et al., Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 2017;69(4):183-191, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: D]
- 9 . Ergothioneine improves myocardial remodeling and heart function after acute myocardial infarction via S-glutathionylation through the NF-ĸB dependent Wnt5a-sFlt-1 pathway, Duan R et al., European Journal of Pharmacology, 2023;950:175759, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: C]
- 10 . Ergothioneine Improves Aerobic Performance Without Any Negative Effect on Early Muscle Recovery Signaling in Response to Acute Exercise, Fovet T et al., Frontiers in Physiology, 2022;13:834597, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: C]
- 11 . Ergothioneine as a Natural Antioxidant Against Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases, Fu TT, Shen L, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022;13:850813, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: D]
- 12 . The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical, Borodina I et al., Nutrition Research Reviews, 2020;33(2):190-217, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: D]
- 13 . Ergothioneine as a functional nutraceutical: Mechanisms, bioavailability, and therapeutic implications, Syahputra RA et al., Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2025;145:110006, PubMed | DOI [Evidence: D]
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. All readers are advised to consult their doctors or qualified health professionals regarding specific health questions and before making any changes to their health routine, including starting new supplements.
Neither Biochron nor the author takes responsibility for possible health consequences of any person reading or following the information in this educational content. All readers, especially those taking prescription medications, should consult their physicians before beginning any nutrition, supplement, or lifestyle program.
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