💡 What You Need to Know Right Away
An abdominal MRI is an imaging test that uses magnetic fields to create detailed pictures of your belly organs, helping doctors detect tumors, infections, bleeding, and blockages without using radiation.
Also known as: MRI of the abdomen, Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Abdomen, Abdominal and pelvic MRI, Belly MRI
- Research shows this test correctly identifies appendicitis in about 96 out of 100 cases[Evidence: A][2]
- Research shows this test correctly identifies pancreatic cancer in about 93 out of 100 cases[Evidence: A][8]
- In children with suspected appendicitis, this test correctly identified the condition in over 97 out of 100 cases[Evidence: A][1]
- In a study of 181,371 adult patients, motion artifacts affected scans in about 12 out of 100 cases, and sedation was required in about 3 out of 100 cases[Evidence: A][16]
If your doctor has recommended an abdominal MRI, you probably have questions about what happens during the scan, how to prepare, and what the test can find. It's normal to feel anxious about medical tests, especially one that involves lying still in a narrow tube for 30 to 60 minutes.
This guide explains everything you need to know about abdominal MRI scans in plain language. You'll learn what the test detects, how to prepare, what to expect during the procedure, and how to understand your results. Whether you're concerned about claustrophobia, wondering about safety during pregnancy, or simply want to know how long the scan takes, we've covered it all with evidence from clinical research.
❓ Quick Answers
What is an abdominal MRI used for?
An abdominal MRI creates detailed images of organs in your belly, including your liver, pancreas, kidneys, spleen, gallbladder, and intestines. Doctors use it to detect tumors, infections, bleeding, inflammatory bowel disease, and blockages. Research shows it correctly identifies appendicitis in about 96 out of 100 cases[Evidence: A][2].
Is an abdominal MRI painful?
No, an abdominal MRI is painless. You may feel cold from the room temperature (65-68°F), uncomfortable from lying still for 30-60 minutes, or startled by loud knocking sounds, but the scan itself causes no pain. If contrast dye is used, you may feel a brief cool sensation in your arm during injection.
How long does an abdominal MRI take?
A standard abdominal MRI takes 30-60 minutes. With contrast dye, expect 45-90 minutes total. Add 15 minutes for check-in and positioning. In a 5-year study of 3,478 patients, a rapid 12-minute screening protocol achieved 98% accuracy[Evidence: C][5].
Do I need to fast before an abdominal MRI?
Most facilities require fasting for 4-6 hours before an abdominal MRI. This reduces food in your digestive tract and improves image quality. You can usually take prescribed medications with small sips of water. Your imaging center will provide specific instructions when you schedule.
Is abdominal MRI safe during pregnancy?
Research shows MRI without contrast is safe in all trimesters of pregnancy[Evidence: D][13]. In pregnant women with suspected appendicitis, MRI achieved 91.8% sensitivity and 97.9% specificity[Evidence: A][7]. Gadolinium contrast should be avoided unless critically necessary.
Is abdominal MRI better than CT scan?
MRI provides superior soft tissue detail without radiation exposure, while CT scans are faster and better for emergencies. Studies suggest no statistically significant difference in accuracy for detecting appendicitis[Evidence: B][6]. For liver lesions, MRI detected 80% compared to CT's 68%[Evidence: A][9].
What if I'm claustrophobic during MRI?
Claustrophobia is common. In a study of 181,371 patients, about 3.3% required sedation and 2.1% could not complete scans[Evidence: A][16]. Options include mild sedation, open MRI machines, feet-first positioning, music through headphones, and breathing exercises. Inform your technologist beforehand.
What organs does abdominal MRI show?
Abdominal MRI visualizes the liver, pancreas, kidneys, spleen, gallbladder, adrenal glands, bile ducts, intestines, and blood vessels. It excels at detecting soft tissue abnormalities. Research shows 93% sensitivity for pancreatic cancer[Evidence: A][8] and 88% sensitivity for liver cancer[Evidence: A][9].
Abdominal MRI
A comprehensive walkthrough of what to expect during your Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of the abdomen.
🔬 How Does Abdominal MRI Work?
Think of an MRI scanner as a giant magnet combined with a radio station. Your body is made mostly of water, and water contains hydrogen atoms. When you lie inside the MRI machine, its powerful magnetic field (1.5 to 3 Tesla, which is 30,000 to 60,000 times stronger than Earth's magnetic field) aligns the hydrogen atoms in your body like tiny compass needles all pointing the same direction.
The scanner then sends radio waves through your body. These waves cause the hydrogen atoms to wobble and emit their own radio signals. Different tissues, like your liver, kidneys, and pancreas, send back different signals based on their water content and structure. The computer collects these signals and creates detailed cross-sectional images, like slices through a loaf of bread.
Why no radiation? Unlike CT scans or X-rays, MRI uses only magnetic fields and radio waves, with no ionizing radiation. Research indicates MRI serves as a first-line radiation-free imaging option for conditions like small bowel Crohn disease[Evidence: A][3].
What about contrast dye? Some abdominal MRIs use gadolinium-based contrast agents injected through an IV. This safe dye makes organs show up more clearly by highlighting blood flow and tissue characteristics. Studies suggest contrast-enhanced MRI achieved 93.6% sensitivity for detecting appendicitis in young people ages 12-20[Evidence: B][6].
The loud banging and knocking sounds you hear during the scan come from gradient coils, which are electromagnetic components that rapidly switch on and off to create the images. Think of it like a drumbeat that the scanner plays to capture each slice of your abdomen.
🧪 What to Expect: The Real User Experience
During the Procedure
You'll lie on a narrow padded table that slides into a tunnel about 23-26 inches wide and 60 inches long. The space can trigger claustrophobia in some people. Standard closed bore tunnels feel confined, with limited headroom. You'll enter head-first for abdominal scans, though feet-first positioning may be available upon request.
The room is kept cool at 65-68°F to prevent equipment overheating. Most patients feel cold in the hospital gown. Blankets are available but must be MRI-safe (no metal snaps). Foam supports or restraints keep you still, and an abdominal coil placed on your belly may feel heavy (5-10 lbs). A respiratory belt around your chest monitors breathing but feels constrictive to some patients.
The noise is the most surprising aspect. MRI machines produce loud banging, knocking, and tapping sounds ranging 65-130 decibels, comparable to a jackhammer. Different scan sequences create different patterns. Some patients describe the sounds as "machine gun fire," "drumming," or "construction site." Earplugs or headphones with music are provided but cannot fully block sound. In a study of 181,371 patients, anxiety did not significantly reduce from before to after the scan[Evidence: A][16].
What You'll Feel After
No recovery time is needed if you didn't receive sedation. You may feel stiff from lying still. Some patients report mild headache from noise exposure (resolves within hours) or ear ringing lasting 30-60 minutes. If contrast was used, a metallic taste may persist for 15-30 minutes, and rare warmth or flushing sensation can occur. Early research suggests nearly 2 million MRI scans are disrupted annually in the United States due to patient anxiety[Evidence: C][22].
How to Make It Easier
- For the noise: Ask for earplugs or headphones with music
- If claustrophobic: Request an open MRI if available at your facility
- To stay calm: Practice breathing exercises beforehand, close your eyes before entering the tunnel
- For comfort: Request a pillow under knees to relieve lower back pressure, ask for a blanket
- For control: Ask for the "panic button" squeeze ball to hold
- Consider sedation: Discuss mild sedation with your doctor beforehand if very anxious (requires ride home)
📊 What Abdominal MRI Can Detect
Abdominal MRI excels at visualizing soft tissues and can detect a wide range of conditions. The following table summarizes diagnostic accuracy from clinical research:
| Organ/Condition | What It Detects | Sensitivity | Specificity | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendicitis (general) | Inflammation, perforation | 96% | 96% | [A][2] |
| Appendicitis (children) | Pediatric appendicitis | 97.4% | 97.1% | [A][1] |
| Pancreatic Cancer | Adenocarcinoma, masses | 93% | 89% | [A][8] |
| Liver Cancer (HCC) | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 88% | 94% | [A][9] |
| Liver Metastases (colorectal) | Cancer spread to liver | 90.1% | — | [A][18] |
| LI-RADS LR-5 (HCC) | Definite liver cancer | 70% | 91% | [A][17] |
| Crohn's Disease (small bowel) | Inflammation, strictures | High | High | [A][3] |
| Crohn's Strictures (fibrotic) | Scarring vs inflammation | 85.2% | 96% | [A][4] |
| Kidney Tumors (lipid-poor AML) | Rare kidney masses | 83% | 90% | [A][19] |
| Kidney Lesions (general) | Benign vs malignant | High | High | [A][20] |
Studies suggest MR enterography showed excellent diagnostic performance for distinguishing active inflammation from chronic scarring in Crohn's disease of the small intestine[Evidence: B][21].
⚠️ Risks, Side Effects, and Warnings
The test itself is painless, though you may feel uncomfortable from lying still 30-60 minutes or anxious about the confined space. Most people tolerate MRIs well. It's normal to feel anxious about medical tests.
Pregnancy Safety
In a large study of 1,424,105 pregnancies, scans during the first trimester were not associated with harm to the baby[Evidence: B][10]. However, gadolinium contrast in that same study was associated with increased risk of certain health conditions (adjusted relative risk 3.70)[Evidence: B][10].
A separate U.S. study of 5,991 pregnancies found the risk of fetal or newborn death was 1.4% in both the gadolinium group and the non-gadolinium group, with adjusted relative risk of 0.73 (not significantly different)[Evidence: B][11]. Clinical guidelines recommend avoiding gadolinium unless critically necessary[Evidence: D][13].
Contrast Reactions
Allergic reactions to gadolinium contrast are rare. If used, you may experience a cool sensation during injection and a metallic taste lasting 15-30 minutes. Severe reactions requiring intervention occur in less than 1% of cases. Patients with kidney disease should have kidney function tested before receiving contrast.
🥗 How to Prepare for Your Abdominal MRI
Before Your Appointment
- Fast as instructed: Most facilities require fasting 4-6 hours before the scan. This improves image quality by reducing food in your digestive tract.
- Remove all metal: Leave jewelry, watches, piercings, and removable dental work at home. Metal can interfere with imaging and may be pulled by the magnet.
- Inform about implants: Tell your imaging center about pacemakers, insulin pumps, cochlear implants, joint replacements, or any metal in your body.
- Wear loose clothing: Choose clothes without metal zippers, buttons, or underwire. Many facilities provide a hospital gown.
- Skip metal-containing products: Avoid lotions, deodorants, or makeup that may contain metal particles.
- Take medications as normal: Unless instructed otherwise, take prescribed medications with small sips of water.
- Arrive 15 minutes early: Complete paperwork and screening questionnaires before your scan time.
- Use the bathroom: The scan takes 30-60 minutes. You cannot leave during the procedure.
If You're Claustrophobic
Discuss your concerns when scheduling. Options include:
- Mild sedation (requires someone to drive you home)
- Open MRI machines (available at some facilities, takes longer)
- Feet-first positioning
- Music through MRI-compatible headphones
- Coaching and breathing exercises during the scan
What to Look for When Choosing an Abdominal MRI Provider
The quality of your test results depends on the imaging facility and healthcare provider. Here's what to consider:
Lab Quality Markers
- ACR accreditation: American College of Radiology accreditation ensures quality standards Why it matters: ACR-accredited facilities meet rigorous equipment and protocol standards
- Magnet strength: 1.5T or 3T scanners provide diagnostic-quality images Why it matters: Higher field strength improves image detail for complex diagnoses
- Radiologist subspecialization: Board-certified radiologists with abdominal imaging expertise Why it matters: Subspecialists identify subtle findings that general radiologists may miss
- Results turnaround: Ask about expected timeline for results (typically 1-7 days) Why it matters: Faster results enable quicker treatment decisions
Questions to Ask Your Provider
- Is your facility ACR-accredited for MRI?
- What magnet strength is your scanner (1.5T or 3T)?
- Do you offer open MRI or wide-bore options for claustrophobic patients?
- When will my results be available?
- What's the cost if my insurance doesn't cover it?
- Do I need to bring my insurance card and referral?
Red Flags
- No accreditation: Facilities without ACR accreditation lack external quality oversight
- Outdated equipment: Very old MRI machines may produce lower-quality images
- No radiologist review: Images should be interpreted by a board-certified radiologist
- Pressure for add-on tests: Be wary of facilities pushing unnecessary additional scans
How Abdominal MRI Compares to CT Scan: What to Know
Abdominal MRI and CT scans both create detailed internal images, but they use different technology and excel in different situations. MRI uses magnetic fields without radiation, while CT uses X-rays. Your doctor recommends one based on your specific clinical needs.
| Feature | Abdominal MRI | CT Scan |
|---|---|---|
| Radiation Exposure | None (uses magnetic fields)[A][3] | Yes (ionizing radiation) |
| Scan Duration | 30-60 minutes | 1-5 minutes |
| Soft Tissue Detail | Superior (liver, pancreas, bile ducts) | Good |
| Liver Lesion Detection | 80% per-lesion sensitivity[A][9] | 68% per-lesion sensitivity[A][9] |
| Appendicitis Accuracy | No significant difference from CT[B][6] | No significant difference from MRI[B][6] |
| Emergency Use | Limited (longer scan time) | Preferred (fast, widely available) |
| Pregnancy Safety | Safe all trimesters (without gadolinium)[D][13] | Avoid if possible (radiation exposure) |
| Claustrophobia Factor | Higher (enclosed tunnel) | Lower (open ring design) |
| Contrast Without Enhancement | Scans without contrast inferior[B][15] | Often effective without contrast |
Studies suggest MRI and CT have comparable diagnostic performance for appendicitis when contrast is used[Evidence: B][15]. In a 5-year retrospective study, MRI achieved 99% accuracy in pregnant women with suspected appendicitis[Evidence: C][5].
What The Evidence Shows (And Doesn't Show)
What Research Suggests
- Abdominal MRI correctly identifies appendicitis in about 96 out of 100 cases, based on a meta-analysis of 30 studies with 2,665 patients[Evidence: A][2]
- For liver cancer detection, MRI shows 88% sensitivity (vs 68% for CT per-lesion), based on meta-analysis of 40 studies[Evidence: A][9]
- For pancreatic cancer, MRI achieves 93% sensitivity and 89% specificity, based on 52 studies with 5,399 patients[Evidence: A][8]
- In pregnant women, MRI without gadolinium is not associated with fetal harm, based on studies of over 1.4 million pregnancies[Evidence: B][10]
- MRI serves as a first-line radiation-free imaging option for inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease[Evidence: A][3]
What's NOT Yet Proven
- Optimal scan duration for different clinical indications has not been standardized across facilities
- Long-term effects of repeated gadolinium exposure in patients with normal kidney function are still being studied
- Head-to-head comparisons between different MRI field strengths (1.5T vs 3T) for specific abdominal conditions are limited
- Pediatric-specific protocols and outcomes data beyond appendicitis detection are limited
- Patient experience interventions (music, coaching, sedation) have not been rigorously compared in randomized trials
Where Caution Is Needed
- Gadolinium in pregnancy: One study showed increased risk (RR 3.70)[Evidence: B][10] while another showed no significant difference (RR 0.73)[Evidence: B][11]. Current guidelines recommend avoiding unless critically necessary
- Non-contrast MRI is inferior to contrast-enhanced MRI and CT for appendicitis detection[Evidence: B][15]
- Motion artifacts affect about 12% of scans, and anxiety causes nearly 2 million scan disruptions annually[Evidence: A][16]
- Patients with advanced kidney disease (eGFR below 30) have slightly elevated NSF risk with gadolinium, though less than 0.07% with modern agents[Evidence: D][14]
Should YOU Get This Test?
Best suited for: People needing detailed soft tissue imaging of abdominal organs, pregnant women requiring imaging (without gadolinium), children (to avoid radiation), patients with suspected liver/pancreas/kidney conditions, and those being evaluated for inflammatory bowel disease
Not recommended for: Emergency situations requiring rapid imaging (CT is faster), patients with non-MRI-safe pacemakers or certain metal implants, those with severe claustrophobia who cannot be sedated, people with advanced kidney disease requiring contrast
Realistic timeline: Schedule appointment (1-7 days), procedure (40-90 minutes total), results (1-7 days), follow-up with doctor (varies)
When to consult a professional: Your doctor orders abdominal MRI based on your symptoms, history, and clinical needs. If you have concerns about claustrophobia, metal implants, kidney function, or pregnancy, discuss these before scheduling
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I have an MRI if I have metal implants like hip or knee replacements?
Most modern joint replacements (titanium hip and knee replacements) are MRI-safe. However, you must inform your imaging center about any metal in your body before the scan. The technologist will verify safety using manufacturer documentation. Older implants, pacemakers not labeled MRI-conditional, cochlear implants, and metal fragments (especially near eyes) may prevent MRI scanning. Bring your implant card or surgical records to your appointment so the facility can confirm compatibility.
How long does it take to get abdominal MRI results?
Results are typically available within 1-7 days. A radiologist reviews your images and sends a report to your ordering physician. In urgent situations, preliminary results may be available same-day. Your doctor's office will contact you to discuss findings or schedule a follow-up appointment. Some imaging centers offer patient portals where you can view your report online after it's finalized.
What does an abnormal abdominal MRI mean?
An abnormal result means the radiologist found something that differs from expected normal appearance. This could be a tumor, cyst, inflammation, infection, or structural abnormality. Abnormal doesn't always mean serious. Many findings are benign (non-cancerous) or require no treatment. Your doctor will explain your specific results and whether additional testing or treatment is needed.
Can I wear deodorant or makeup for abdominal MRI?
Avoid deodorants, antiperspirants, and makeup containing metallic particles, as these can interfere with image quality or cause skin warming. Many cosmetics contain aluminum or iron compounds. When in doubt, arrive without these products or ask your imaging center for specific guidelines. Lotions without metallic ingredients are usually acceptable.
Will I fit in an MRI machine if I'm overweight?
Standard closed-bore MRI machines have a tunnel diameter of 23-26 inches with weight limits typically around 350-450 lbs. Wide-bore scanners (28+ inches) accommodate larger patients. Open MRI machines have fewer size restrictions but may have longer scan times. Contact your imaging center to discuss your specific needs. They can recommend the most comfortable option for your body size.
What is gadolinium contrast and is it safe?
Gadolinium is a contrast dye injected through an IV to enhance image detail. It helps distinguish between different tissue types and highlights blood flow. In people with healthy kidneys, gadolinium is safe and clears from the body within 24 hours. In people with advanced kidney disease (eGFR below 30), the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is less than 0.07% with modern agents. Your doctor will check kidney function before ordering contrast-enhanced MRI if you have kidney concerns.
Why is the MRI machine so loud?
The loud banging and knocking sounds (65-130 decibels) come from gradient coils, which are electromagnetic components that rapidly switch on and off thousands of times during the scan. Each switching cycle creates a sound pulse. Different imaging sequences produce different rhythms and intensities. Earplugs or headphones are provided to protect your hearing and reduce noise perception. The sounds are normal and do not indicate any problem with the machine.
Can I bring someone into the MRI room with me?
In most cases, a companion can sit in the MRI room if they complete a safety screening questionnaire and have no metal implants or devices. This may help patients who are anxious or require assistance (such as children or those with dementia). Your companion must remove all metal items and will need hearing protection due to the loud noise. Check with your imaging center about their specific visitor policies.
Our Accuracy Commitment and Editorial Principles
At Biochron, we take health information seriously. Every claim in this article is supported by peer-reviewed scientific evidence from reputable sources published in 2015 or later. We use a rigorous evidence-grading system to help you understand the strength of research behind each statement:
- [Evidence: A] = Systematic review or meta-analysis (strongest evidence)
- [Evidence: B] = Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- [Evidence: C] = Cohort or case-control study
- [Evidence: D] = Expert opinion or clinical guideline
Our editorial team follows strict guidelines: we never exaggerate health claims, we clearly distinguish between correlation and causation, we update content regularly as new research emerges, and we transparently note when evidence is limited or conflicting. For our complete editorial standards, visit our Editorial Principles page.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals before making changes to your health regimen, especially if you have medical conditions or take medications.
References
- 1 . Acute Appendicitis: A Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Accuracy of US, CT, and MRI as Second-Line Imaging Tests after an Initial US, Radiology, 2018, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 2 . A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Performance of MRI for Evaluation of Acute Appendicitis, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2016, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 3 . A Diagnostic Accuracy Meta-analysis of CT and MRI for the Evaluation of Small Bowel Crohn Disease, Academic Radiology, 2017, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 4 . Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in distinguishing strictures in Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Int J Colorectal Dis, 2023, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 5 . Open-Access 12-Minute MRI Screening for Acute Appendicitis: A Five-Year Retrospective Observational Study, J Clin Med, 2024, PubMed [Evidence: C]
- 6 . Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI Versus CT for the Evaluation of Acute Appendicitis in Children and Young Adults, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2017, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 7 . Pregnancy and appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the clinical use of MRI in diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnant women, World J Emerg Surg, 2019, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 8 . Imaging modalities in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Eur J Radiol, 2017, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 9 . Hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnostic performance of multidetector CT and MR imaging-a systematic review and meta-analysis, Radiology, 2015, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 10 . Association Between MRI Exposure During Pregnancy and Fetal and Childhood Outcomes, JAMA, 2016, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 11 . Risk of fetal or neonatal death or neonatal intensive care unit admission associated with gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging exposure during pregnancy, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2023, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 12 . First-Trimester Exposure to Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents: A Utilization Study of 4.6 Million U.S. Pregnancies, Radiology, 2019, PubMed [Evidence: C]
- 13 . Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Pregnant Women: A Literature Review of MRI Safety, Cureus, 2023, PubMed [Evidence: D]
- 14 . Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis as a Complication after Gadolinium-Containing Contrast Agents: A Rapid Review, Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021, PubMed [Evidence: D]
- 15 . Prospective evaluation of MRI compared with CT for the etiology of abdominal pain in emergency department patients with concern for appendicitis, J Magn Reson Imaging, 2019, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 16 . The Psychological, Physiological, and Behavioral Responses of Patients to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, J Magn Reson Imaging, 2024, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 17 . CT and MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2018 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, J Am Coll Radiol, 2020, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 18 . Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for colorectal liver metastasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Sci Rep, 2020, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 19 . Diagnostic Performance of MRI in the Detection of Renal Lipid-Poor Angiomyolipomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Radiology, 2020, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 20 . Diagnostic performance of contrast enhancement to differentiate benign and malignant renal lesions in CT and MRI: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Abdom Radiol, 2025, PubMed [Evidence: A]
- 21 . Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Enterography for the Evaluation of Active vs Chronic Inflammation in Crohn's Disease, Front Surg, 2022, PubMed [Evidence: B]
- 22 . Prevalence and Financial Impact of Claustrophobia, Anxiety, Patient Motion, and Other Patient Events in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Top Magn Reson Imaging, 2020, PubMed [Evidence: C]
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. All readers are advised to consult their doctors or qualified health professionals regarding specific health questions and before making any changes to their health routine, including starting new supplements.
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